ἆθλον

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

Etymology

From earlier *ἄϝεθλον (*áwethlon), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂weh₁- (“to blow (of wind)”) + *-dʰlom (forms nouns denoting tool or instrument), as if "gasp, pant, wheeze", if not from a similar root meaning "to strive".

Pronunciation
 

Noun

ἆθλον • (âthlon) n (genitive ἄθλου); second declension (Attic, contracted)

  1. prize of a contest
  2. contest
  3. place of combat, arena

Inflection
Second declension of τὸ ἆθλον; τοῦ ᾱ̓́θλου (Attic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative τὸ ἆθλον
tò âthlon		 τὼ ᾱ̓́θλω
tṑ ā́thlō		 τᾰ̀ ἆθλᾰ
tà âthla
Genitive τοῦ ᾱ̓́θλου
toû ā́thlou		 τοῖν ᾱ̓́θλοιν
toîn ā́thloin		 τῶν ᾱ̓́θλων
tôn ā́thlōn
Dative τῷ ᾱ̓́θλῳ
tôi ā́thlōi		 τοῖν ᾱ̓́θλοιν
toîn ā́thloin		 τοῖς ᾱ̓́θλοις
toîs ā́thlois
Accusative τὸ ἆθλον
tò âthlon		 τὼ ᾱ̓́θλω
tṑ ā́thlō		 τᾰ̀ ἆθλᾰ
tà âthla
Vocative ἆθλον
âthlon		 ᾱ̓́θλω
ā́thlō		 ἆθλᾰ
âthla
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
Second declension of ἄεθλον; ἀέθλου (Epic)
Case / # Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ἄεθλον
áethlon		 ἀέθλω
aéthlō		 ἄεθλᾰ
áethla
Genitive ἀέθλου / ἀεθλοῖο / ἀέθλοιο / ἀεθλόο / ἀέθλοο
aéthlou / aethloîo / aéthloio / aethlóo / aéthloo		 ἀέθλοιῐν
aéthloiin		 ἀέθλων
aéthlōn
Dative ἀέθλῳ
aéthlōi		 ἀέθλοιῐν
aéthloiin		 ἀέθλοισῐ / ἀέθλοισῐν / ἀέθλοις
aéthloisi(n) / aéthlois
Accusative ἄεθλον
áethlon		 ἀέθλω
aéthlō		 ἄεθλᾰ
áethla
Vocative ἄεθλον
áethlon		 ἀέθλω
aéthlō		 ἄεθλᾰ
áethla
Notes:
  • Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

Noun

ἆθλον • (âthlon)

  1. accusative singular of ἆθλος (âthlos)

Further reading
  • “ἆθλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • “ἆθλον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
  • ἆθλον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
  • ἆθλον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
  • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • Clackson, James, Indo-European Word Formation: Proceedings from the International Conference, 2002
  • Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag
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