ἅπτω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *áptō, of unclear origin. There are a number of competing theories as to the origin of this word.
- Has been connected to Avestan 𐬁𐬟𐬆𐬥𐬙𐬈 (āfənte), 𐬀𐬞𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (apaiieiti), Latin apō, apex, Sanskrit आप्त (āpta), and Albanian shemb, all from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ep- (“to fit, join”).
- Has also been connected with ἰάπτω (iáptō, “to send, drive forth”), ἁφή (haphḗ, “grip”) and Old Armenian ափ (apʻ, “palm”).
The present tense system includes a τ progressive aspect marker.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /háp.tɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈ(h)ap.to/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈap.to/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈap.to/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈap.to/
Verb
ᾰ̔́πτω • (háptō)
- (post-Homeric) to kindle, set on fire, fasten fire to
- to fasten to, bind fast
- to join to
- (middle voice) to fasten oneself to, cling to, hang on by, lay hold of, grasp, touch
- (middle voice) to reach the mark
- (middle voice) to engage in, take part in
- (middle voice) to set upon, attack, assail
- (middle voice) to touch, affect
- (middle voice) to grasp with the senses, apprehend, perceive
- (middle voice) to come up to, reach, gain
Inflection
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̔́πτω | ᾰ̔́πτεις | ᾰ̔́πτει | ᾰ̔́πτετον | ᾰ̔́πτετον | ᾰ̔́πτομεν | ᾰ̔́πτετε | ᾰ̔́πτουσῐ(ν) | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̔́πτω | ᾰ̔́πτῃς | ᾰ̔́πτῃ | ᾰ̔́πτητον | ᾰ̔́πτητον | ᾰ̔́πτωμεν | ᾰ̔́πτητε | ᾰ̔́πτωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ᾰ̔́πτοιμῐ | ᾰ̔́πτοις | ᾰ̔́πτοι | ᾰ̔́πτοιτον | ᾰ̔πτοίτην | ᾰ̔́πτοιμεν | ᾰ̔́πτοιτε | ᾰ̔́πτοιεν | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̔́πτε | ᾰ̔πτέτω | ᾰ̔́πτετον | ᾰ̔πτέτων | ᾰ̔́πτετε | ᾰ̔πτόντων | |||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ᾰ̔́πτομαι | ᾰ̔́πτῃ, ᾰ̔́πτει |
ᾰ̔́πτεται | ᾰ̔́πτεσθον | ᾰ̔́πτεσθον | ᾰ̔πτόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔́πτεσθε | ᾰ̔́πτονται | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̔́πτωμαι | ᾰ̔́πτῃ | ᾰ̔́πτηται | ᾰ̔́πτησθον | ᾰ̔́πτησθον | ᾰ̔πτώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔́πτησθε | ᾰ̔́πτωνται | |||||
optative | ᾰ̔πτοίμην | ᾰ̔́πτοιο | ᾰ̔́πτοιτο | ᾰ̔́πτοισθον | ᾰ̔πτοίσθην | ᾰ̔πτοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔́πτοισθε | ᾰ̔́πτοιντο | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̔́πτου | ᾰ̔πτέσθω | ᾰ̔́πτεσθον | ᾰ̔πτέσθων | ᾰ̔́πτεσθε | ᾰ̔πτέσθων | |||||||
active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̔́πτειν | ᾰ̔́πτεσθαι | |||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̔́πτων | ᾰ̔πτόμενος | ||||||||||
f | ᾰ̔́πτουσᾰ | ᾰ̔πτομένη | |||||||||||
n | ᾰ̔́πτον | ᾰ̔πτόμενον | |||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Imperfect: ἧπτον, ἡπτόμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἧπτον | ἧπτες | ἧπτε(ν) | ἥπτετον | ἡπτέτην | ἥπτομεν | ἥπτετε | ἧπτον | ||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἡπτόμην | ἥπτου | ἥπτετο | ἥπτεσθον | ἡπτέσθην | ἡπτόμεθᾰ | ἥπτεσθε | ἥπτοντο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Future: ᾰ̔́ψω, ᾰ̔́ψομαι, ᾰ̔φθήσομαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ᾰ̔́ψω | ᾰ̔́ψεις | ᾰ̔́ψει | ᾰ̔́ψετον | ᾰ̔́ψετον | ᾰ̔́ψομεν | ᾰ̔́ψετε | ᾰ̔́ψουσῐ(ν) | ||||
optative | ᾰ̔́ψοιμῐ | ᾰ̔́ψοις | ᾰ̔́ψοι | ᾰ̔́ψοιτον | ᾰ̔ψοίτην | ᾰ̔́ψοιμεν | ᾰ̔́ψοιτε | ᾰ̔́ψοιεν | |||||
middle | indicative | ᾰ̔́ψομαι | ᾰ̔́ψῃ, ᾰ̔́ψει |
ᾰ̔́ψεται | ᾰ̔́ψεσθον | ᾰ̔́ψεσθον | ᾰ̔ψόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔́ψεσθε | ᾰ̔́ψονται | ||||
optative | ᾰ̔ψοίμην | ᾰ̔́ψοιο | ᾰ̔́ψοιτο | ᾰ̔́ψοισθον | ᾰ̔ψοίσθην | ᾰ̔ψοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔́ψοισθε | ᾰ̔́ψοιντο | |||||
passive | indicative | ᾰ̔φθήσομαι | ᾰ̔φθήσῃ | ᾰ̔φθήσεται | ᾰ̔φθήσεσθον | ᾰ̔φθήσεσθον | ᾰ̔φθησόμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔φθήσεσθε | ᾰ̔φθήσονται | ||||
optative | ᾰ̔φθησοίμην | ᾰ̔φθήσοιο | ᾰ̔φθήσοιτο | ᾰ̔φθήσοισθον | ᾰ̔φθησοίσθην | ᾰ̔φθησοίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔φθήσοισθε | ᾰ̔φθήσοιντο | |||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̔́ψειν | ᾰ̔́ψεσθαι | ᾰ̔φθήσεσθαι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̔́ψων | ᾰ̔ψόμενος | ᾰ̔φθησόμενος | |||||||||
f | ᾰ̔́ψουσᾰ | ᾰ̔ψομένη | ᾰ̔φθησομένη | ||||||||||
n | ᾰ̔́ψον | ᾰ̔ψόμενον | ᾰ̔φθησόμενον | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Aorist: ἧψᾰ, ἡψᾰ́μην, ἥφθην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
active | indicative | ἧψᾰ | ἧψᾰς | ἧψε(ν) | ἥψᾰτον | ἡψᾰ́την | ἥψᾰμεν | ἥψᾰτε | ἧψᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̔́ψω | ᾰ̔́ψῃς | ᾰ̔́ψῃ | ᾰ̔́ψητον | ᾰ̔́ψητον | ᾰ̔́ψωμεν | ᾰ̔́ψητε | ᾰ̔́ψωσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ᾰ̔́ψαιμῐ | ᾰ̔́ψειᾰς, ᾰ̔́ψαις |
ᾰ̔́ψειε(ν), ᾰ̔́ψαι |
ᾰ̔́ψαιτον | ᾰ̔ψαίτην | ᾰ̔́ψαιμεν | ᾰ̔́ψαιτε | ᾰ̔́ψειᾰν, ᾰ̔́ψαιεν | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̔́ψον | ᾰ̔ψᾰ́τω | ᾰ̔́ψᾰτον | ᾰ̔ψᾰ́των | ᾰ̔́ψᾰτε | ᾰ̔ψᾰ́ντων | |||||||
middle | indicative | ἡψᾰ́μην | ἥψω | ἥψᾰτο | ἥψᾰσθον | ἡψᾰ́σθην | ἡψᾰ́μεθᾰ | ἥψᾰσθε | ἥψᾰντο | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̔́ψωμαι | ᾰ̔́ψῃ | ᾰ̔́ψηται | ᾰ̔́ψησθον | ᾰ̔́ψησθον | ᾰ̔ψώμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔́ψησθε | ᾰ̔́ψωνται | |||||
optative | ᾰ̔ψαίμην | ᾰ̔́ψαιο | ᾰ̔́ψαιτο | ᾰ̔́ψαισθον | ᾰ̔ψαίσθην | ᾰ̔ψαίμεθᾰ | ᾰ̔́ψαισθε | ᾰ̔́ψαιντο | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̔́ψαι | ᾰ̔ψᾰ́σθω | ᾰ̔́ψᾰσθον | ᾰ̔ψᾰ́σθων | ᾰ̔́ψᾰσθε | ᾰ̔ψᾰ́σθων | |||||||
passive | indicative | ἥφθην | ἥφθης | ἥφθη | ἥφθητον | ἡφθήτην | ἥφθημεν | ἥφθητε | ἥφθησᾰν | ||||
subjunctive | ᾰ̔φθῶ | ᾰ̔φθῇς | ᾰ̔φθῇ | ᾰ̔φθῆτον | ᾰ̔φθῆτον | ᾰ̔φθῶμεν | ᾰ̔φθῆτε | ᾰ̔φθῶσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ᾰ̔φθείην | ᾰ̔φθείης | ᾰ̔φθείη | ᾰ̔φθεῖτον, ᾰ̔φθείητον |
ᾰ̔φθείτην, ᾰ̔φθειήτην |
ᾰ̔φθεῖμεν, ᾰ̔φθείημεν |
ᾰ̔φθεῖτε, ᾰ̔φθείητε |
ᾰ̔φθεῖεν, ᾰ̔φθείησᾰν | |||||
imperative | ᾰ̔́φθητῐ | ᾰ̔φθήτω | ᾰ̔́φθητον | ᾰ̔φθήτων | ᾰ̔́φθητε | ᾰ̔φθέντων | |||||||
active | middle | passive | |||||||||||
infinitive | ᾰ̔́ψαι | ᾰ̔́ψᾰσθαι | ᾰ̔φθῆναι | ||||||||||
participle | m | ᾰ̔́ψᾱς | ᾰ̔ψᾰ́μενος | ᾰ̔φθείς | |||||||||
f | ᾰ̔́ψᾱσᾰ | ᾰ̔ψᾰμένη | ᾰ̔φθεῖσᾰ | ||||||||||
n | ᾰ̔́ψᾰν | ᾰ̔ψᾰ́μενον | ᾰ̔φθέν | ||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Perfect: ἧμμαι
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἧμμαι | ἧψαι | ἧπται | ἧφθον | ἧφθον | ἥμμεθᾰ | ἧφθε | ἥπᾰται | ||||
subjunctive | ἡμμένος ὦ | ἡμμένος ᾖς | ἡμμένος ᾖ | ἡμμένω ἦτον | ἡμμένω ἦτον | ἡμμένοι ὦμεν | ἡμμένοι ἦτε | ἡμμένοι ὦσῐ(ν) | |||||
optative | ἡμμένος εἴην | ἡμμένος εἴης | ἡμμένος εἴη | ἡμμένω εἴητον/εἶτον | ἡμμένω εἰήτην/εἴτην | ἡμμένοι εἴημεν/εἶμεν | ἡμμένοι εἴητε/εἶτε | ἡμμένοι εἴησᾰν/εἶεν | |||||
imperative | ἧψο | ἥφθω | ἧφθον | ἥφθων | ἧφθε | ἥφθων | |||||||
middle/passive | |||||||||||||
infinitive | ἧφθαι | ||||||||||||
participle | m | ἡμμένος | |||||||||||
f | ἡμμένη | ||||||||||||
n | ἡμμένον | ||||||||||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Pluperfect: ἥμμην
number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
middle/ passive |
indicative | ἥμμην | ἧψο | ἧπτο | ἧφθον | ἥφθην | ἥμμεθᾰ | ἧφθε | ἥπᾰτο | ||||
Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation. |
Derived terms
- ἄαπτος (áaptos)
- ἅμμα (hámma)
- ἀνάπτω (anáptō)
- ἀνθάπτομαι (antháptomai)
- ἁπτέον (haptéon)
- ἁπτικός (haptikós)
- ἁπτός (haptós)
- ἁπτώδιον (haptṓdion)
- ἀφάπτω (apháptō)
- ἁφή (haphḗ)
- ἁψικάρδιος (hapsikárdios)
- ἁψικορία (hapsikoría)
- ἁψίκορος (hapsíkoros)
- ἁψίμαχος (hapsímakhos)
- ἁψιμισία (hapsimisía)
- ἁψίς (hapsís)
- ἅψις (hápsis)
- ἅψος (hápsos)
- ἐνάπτω (enáptō)
- ἐξάπτω (exáptō)
- ἐφάπτω (epháptō)
- καθάπτομαι (katháptomai)
- μεθάπτομαι (metháptomai)
- παράπτομαι (paráptomai)
- περιάπτω (periáptō)
- προάπτω (proáptō)
- προσάπτω (prosáptō)
- συνάπτω (sunáptō)
- ὑφάπτω (hupháptō)
Further reading
- “ἅπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἅπτω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἅπτω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἅπτω in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- ἅπτω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- ἅπτω in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- “ἅπτω”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G681 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- ἅπτω in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
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