ἀχράς
Ancient Greek
Alternative forms
- ἀχλᾰ́ς (akhlás)
Etymology
Connected to ἄχερδος (ákherdos, “wild pear”). According to Beekes a Pre-Greek origin is exposed by the alternation ἀ-χερδ- beside ἀ-χραδ-. While the alternation can also be understood in Indo-European terms, the word for “pear” must be suspect of loanword origin due to the Caucasian heimat of the plant, and indeed it appears reflected in, for instance, Ossetian кӕрдо (kærdo, “pear”), and thence even as far as Kipchak كرتما (kärtmä, “pear”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /a.kʰrás/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /aˈkʰras/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /aˈxras/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /aˈxras/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /aˈxras/
Declension
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ ἀχρᾰ́ς hē akhrás |
τὼ ἀχρᾰ́δε tṑ akhráde |
αἱ ἀχρᾰ́δες hai akhrádes | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς ἀχρᾰ́δος tês akhrádos |
τοῖν ἀχρᾰ́δοιν toîn akhrádoin |
τῶν ἀχρᾰ́δων tôn akhrádōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ ἀχρᾰ́δῐ têi akhrádi |
τοῖν ἀχρᾰ́δοιν toîn akhrádoin |
ταῖς ἀχρᾰ́σῐ / ἀχρᾰ́σῐν taîs akhrási(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν ἀχρᾰ́δᾰ tḕn akhráda |
τὼ ἀχρᾰ́δε tṑ akhráde |
τᾱ̀ς ἀχρᾰ́δᾰς tā̀s akhrádas | ||||||||||
Vocative | ἀχρᾰ́ς akhrás |
ἀχρᾰ́δε akhráde |
ἀχρᾰ́δες akhrádes | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Derived terms
- ἀχράδινος (akhrádinos)
Further reading
- “ἀχράς”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ἀχράς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- ἀχράς in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN
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