ḫwj

See also: hwj and ḥwj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb
x
D43		 wY1V

 3ae inf.

  1. (transitive) to protect, to defend (a person, body, or place) (+ m-ꜥ or (Late Period) r: against, from; + m: by means of, with)
  2. (transitive) to rule, to serve as protector of (a place)
  3. (transitive) to guard (someone to be restrained), to keep watch over in order to restrain
  4. (transitive) to exclude, to exempt, especially from tax dues
  5. (transitive) to set aside for some purpose, especially to set aside as holy or sacred
  6. (transitive) to prevent, to preclude, to avoid
  7. (transitive) to furnish, to equip (+ m or (Greco-Roman Period) ẖr: with) [since the 19th Dynasty]

Inflection
Conjugation of ḫwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: ḫw
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḫwt, ḫwj
 ḫww, ḫw
 ḫwt, ḫwwt, ḫwyt
 ḫw
 ḫw, ḫwy
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḫw8
 ḥr ḫwt, ḥr ḫwj
 m ḫwt, m ḫwj
 r ḫwt, r ḫwj
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect ḫw.n
 ḫww, ḫw, ḫwy
 consecutive ḫw.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative ḫwt, ḫwyt
perfective3 ḫw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative1 ḫw.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective ḫw, ḫwy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 ḫww, ḫw, ḫwy
 ḫww, ḫw, ḫwy
 potentialis1 ḫw.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive ḫw, ḫwy
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect ḫw.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective ḫww1, ḫwy, ḫw
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḫw
 ḫwy, ḫw
imperfective ḫw, ḫwy, ḫww5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 ḫw, ḫwj6, ḫwy6
 ḫw, ḫww5
prospective ḫww1, ḫwy, ḫw, ḫwtj7
 — ḫwwtj1 4, ḫwtj4, ḫwt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.
  8. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḫwj  
xw
x x
x
x x
x		 w
x x
x		 D43
x x
x		 a
x
D43
D43
ḫwj ḫwj ḫwj ḫwj ḫwj ḫwj ḫwj
[Old Kingdom] [Old Kingdom] [Old Kingdom] [Old Kingdom] [Old Kingdom] [since the Middle Kingdom] [since the Middle Kingdom,
especially Greco-Roman Period]
abbreviation

Derived terms

References
  • “ḫwi̯ (lemma ID 115110)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “ḫwi̯ (lemma ID 114920)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • “ḫwi̯ (lemma ID 852623)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎, Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
  • Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 244.10–245.22
  • Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 186
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 262.
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