მარახული

Georgian

Etymology

As noticed by Marr, obviously related to Old Armenian մառախուղ (maṙaxuł, “fog”).[1] Ačaṙean derives მარახული (maraxuli) from it, assuming մառախուղ (maṙaxuł) is an inner-Armenian formation,[2] but that word cannot be easily explained within Armenian. Ḳaḳašvili compares to Chechen марха (marxa), Ingush морх (morx, “cloud”),[3] which go back to Proto-Nakh *marxo and are suggested to be inherited from a Northeast Caucasian word with a basic meaning "cloud, rain-cloud". We may be dealing with a Northeast Caucasian borrowing, suffixed with -ული (-uli).

Noun

მარახული • (maraxuli)

  1. (Khevsureti) an atmospheric phenomenon similar to but different from hoar frost: during autumn grape-picking season when in the mountains there is fog and it snows a little and when the snow lays upon grass and the forest and freezes (and on the ground it melts)[4]
    Synonym: ჭირხლი (č̣irxli)
  2. (Pshavi) autumnal yellow color[5] (?)
    • A folk poem :
      მთას მარახული მოჰკიდა,
      მწყემსო, აჰყარე ცხვარია,
      არ მოგწყინდაა მთაშია,
      არ მოგინდაა ბარია?!
      mtas maraxuli mohḳida,
      mc̣q̇emso, ahq̇are cxvaria,
      ar mogc̣q̇indaa mtašia,
      ar mogindaa baria?!

Usage notes

The meaning in Pshavi is uncertain. The explanation "autumnal yellow color" is Raziḳašvili's opinion.[6]

Derived terms
  • მარახლიანი (maraxliani)
  • მარახულა (maraxula)

References
  1. Č̣q̇onia, Ilia (1910) “მარახული”, in Siṭq̇vis-ḳona. Saba-sulxan orbelianis da davit čubinašvilis leksiḳonebši gamoṭovebuli siṭq̇vebi / Грузинский Глоссарий. Слова не вошедшие в словари Савы-Сулхана Орбелиани и Давида Чубинова (Материалы по яфетическому языкознанию; 1)‎, with etymologies added by N. Marr, Saint Petersburg: Academy Press, page 31
  2. Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “մառախուղ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, page 262b
  3. Ḳaḳašvili, Diana (2021) “Kartul-naxuri leksiḳuri ṗaralelebi [Georgian–Nakh Lexical Similarities]”, in Eṭimologiuri ʒiebani (in Georgian), volume XVIII, Tbilisi, page 24 of 19–26
  4. Šaniʒe, Aḳaḳi (1984) Kartuli ḳiloebi mtaši [Georgian Mountain Dialects] (Txzulebani tormeṭ ṭomad; 1) (in Georgian), Tbilisi: University Press, page 354a
  5. Raziḳašvili, Tedo (1900) “Kartuli enis saunǯis masalad”, in Iveria‎ (in Georgian), number 133, Tiflis, page 3e
  6. Raziḳašvili, Tedo (1900) “Kartuli enis saunǯis masalad”, in Iveria‎ (in Georgian), number 127, Tiflis, page 3e

Further reading
  • Čikobava, Arnold et al., editors (1958), “მარახული”, in Kartuli enis ganmarṭebiti leksiḳoni [Explanatory Dictionary of the Georgian language] (in Georgian), volume 5, Tbilisi: Academy Press, column 55
  • Ɣlonṭi, Aleksandre (1974) “მარახული”, in Kartul ḳilo-tkmata siṭq̇vis ḳona [Dictionary of dialectal Georgian words]‎ (in Georgian), volume 1, Tbilisi: Academy Press, page 344a
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