શકવું
Gujarati
Etymology
Inherited from Old Gujarati सकइ (sakaï), from Prakrit 𑀲𑀓𑁆𑀓𑀇 (sakkaï), from Sanskrit शक्नोति (śaknoti), with word-initial શ- ("śa") borrowed from Sanskrit. Cognate with Hindustani سَکْنا (saknā) / सकना (saknā), Marathi शकणे (śakṇe), सकणे (sakṇe), Nepali सक्नु (saknu), Punjabi ਸਕਣਾ (sakṇā).
Conjugation
Conjugation of શકવું
| Verbal Noun | Conjunctive | Consecutive | Desiderative | Potential | Passive | Contrafactual |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| શકવાનું (śakvānũ) |
શકી (śakī) |
શકીને (śakīne) |
શકવું હોવું (śakvũ hovũ)1, 2 |
શકી શકવું (śakī śakvũ)2 |
શકાય (śakāya) |
શકત (śakat) |
| 1 Note: શકવું here does not get conjugated. 2 Note: હોવું (hovũ) and શકવું (śakvũ) are to be conjugated normally. | ||||||
| Simple present / conditional |
Future | Present progressive | Negative future | Negative conditional | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| હું | શકું (śakũ) |
શકીશ (śakīś) |
શકું છું (śakũ chũ) |
નહીં શકું (nahī̃ śakũ) |
ન શકું (na śakũ) |
| અમે, આપણે | શકીએ (śakīe) |
શકીશું (śakīśũ) |
શકીએ છીએ (śakīe chīe) |
નહીં શકીએ (nahī̃ śakīe) |
ન શકીએ (na śakīe) |
| તું | શકે (śake) |
શકશે (śakśe), શકીશ (śakīś) |
શકે છે (śake che) |
નહીં શકે (nahī̃ śake) |
ન શકે (na śake) |
| તું, આ, આઓ, તે, તેઓ | શકે (śake) |
શકશે (śakśe) |
શકે છે (śake che) |
નહીં શકે (nahī̃ śake) |
ન શકે (na śake) |
| તમે | શકો (śako) |
શકશો (śakśo) |
શકો છો (śako cho) |
નહીં શકો (nahī̃ śako) |
ન શકો (na śako) |
| Negative present progressive |
Past | Negative past |
Past progressive |
Future progressive, presumptive |
Present subjunctive |
Contrafactual |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| નથી શકતું (nathī śaktũ)* |
શક્યું (śakyũ)* |
નહોતું શક્યું (nahotũ śakyũ)* |
શકતું હતું (śaktũ hatũ)* |
શકતું હોવું (śaktũ hovũ)1 |
શકતું હોવું (śaktũ hovũ)2 |
શકતું હોત (śaktũ hot)* |
| * Note: These terms are declined exactly like adjectives to agree with the gender and number of the subject. 1 Note: હોવું (hovũ) is to be conjugated in the future tense here. 2 Note: હોવું (hovũ) is to be conjugated in the present tense here. | ||||||
| Imperative forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Present | Polite | Negative | |
| અમે, આપણે | શકીએ! (śakīe!) |
ન શકીએ! (na śakīe!) | |
| તું | શક! (śaka!) |
શકજે (śakje) |
ન શક! (na śaka!) |
| તમે | શકો! (śako!) |
શકજો (śakjo) |
ન શકો! (na śako!) |
References
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “śakvũ”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 710
Further reading
- “શકવું”, in Gujaratilexicon.com [Gujarati-English dictionary], Arnion Technologies, 2009.
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