व्यथते

Sanskrit

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋjɐ.tʰɐ.tɐj/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈʋjɐ.t̪ʰɐ.t̪eː/

Verb

व्यथते • (vyathate) third-singular present indicative (root व्यथ्, class 1, type A, present)

trembles, wavers, goes astray, comes to naught, fails
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda
is deprived of [+ablative]
falls (on the ground)
- c. 200 BCE – 200 CE, Manusmṛti
ceases, becomes ineffective (as poison)
- Kām
is agitated or disturbed in mind, is restless or sorrowful or unhappy
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda
is afraid of [+genitive]

Conjugation

Present: व्यथते (vyáthate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	व्यथते vyáthate	व्यथेते vyáthete	व्यथन्ते vyáthante
Second	- -	- -	- -	व्यथसे vyáthase	व्यथेथे vyáthethe	व्यथध्वे vyáthadhve
First	- -	- -	- -	व्यथे vyáthe	व्यथावहे vyáthāvahe	व्यथामहे vyáthāmahe
Imperative
Third	- -	- -	- -	व्यथताम् vyáthatām	व्यथेताम् vyáthetām	व्यथन्ताम् vyáthantām
Second	- -	- -	- -	व्यथस्व vyáthasva	व्यथेथाम् vyáthethām	व्यथध्वम् vyáthadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	व्यथै vyáthai	व्यथावहै vyáthāvahai	व्यथामहै vyáthāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	- -	- -	- -	व्यथेत vyátheta	व्यथेयाताम् vyátheyātām	व्यथेरन् vyátheran
Second	- -	- -	- -	व्यथेथाः vyáthethāḥ	व्यथेयाथाम् vyátheyāthām	व्यथेध्वम् vyáthedhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	व्यथेय vyátheya	व्यथेवहि vyáthevahi	व्यथेमहि vyáthemahi
Participles
	- -			व्यथमान vyáthamāna

Imperfect: अव्यथत (ávyathata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	- -	- -	- -	अव्यथत ávyathata	अव्यथेताम् ávyathetām	अव्यथन्त ávyathanta
Second	- -	- -	- -	अव्यथथाः ávyathathāḥ	अव्यथेथाम् ávyathethām	अव्यथध्वम् ávyathadhvam
First	- -	- -	- -	अव्यथे ávyathe	अव्यथावहि ávyathāvahi	अव्यथामहि ávyathāmahi

Descendants

Pali: vyadhati (“trembles”)
Prakrit: *𑀯𑀥𑀤𑀺 (*vadhadi), *𑀯𑀳𑀇 (*vahaï) (whence 𑀯𑀳𑀺𑀅 (vahia, “distressed”)) (descendants have Middle Indo-Aryan -𑀓𑁆𑀓- (-kka-))
- Punjabi: ਬਹਿਕਣਾ (bahikṇā)
- Nepali: बहकिनु (bahakinu)
- Hindustani: bahaknā
  Hindi: बहकना
  
  Urdu: بہکنا

References

Monier Williams (1899) “व्यथते”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1031.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “vyáthatē”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press

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