विवाह

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विवाह (vivāha), from the root verb विवह् (vivah, “to marry”).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /ʋɪ.ʋɑːɦ/, [ʋɪ.ʋäːʱ]

Noun

विवाह • (vivāh) m (Urdu spelling وواہ)

marriage, wedding
Synonyms: शादी (śādī), ब्याह (byāh), लग्न (lagna)

इस विवाह ने दोनों परिवारों को जोड़ दिया है।
is vivāh ne donõ parivārõ ko joṛ diyā hai.
This marriage has united the two families.

आँधी की वजह से, मेरा विवाह स्थगित हो गया।
āndhī kī vajah se, merā vivāh sthagit ho gayā.
Because of the storm, my wedding was postponed.

Declension

Declension of विवाह (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	विवाह vivāh	विवाह vivāh
oblique	विवाह vivāh	विवाहों vivāhõ
vocative	विवाह vivāh	विवाहो vivāho

Derived terms

अनुलोम-विवाह (anulom-vivāh)
प्रतिलोम-विवाह (pratilom-vivāh)
प्रीति-विवाह (prīti-vivāh)
बहुविवाह (bahuvivāh)
बाल-विवाह (bāl-vivāh)
विधवा-विवाह (vidhvā-vivāh)
विवाह करना (vivāh karnā)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “विवाह”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Caturvedi, Mahendra, Bhola Nath Tiwari (1970) “विवाह”, in A practical Hindi-English dictionary, Delhi: National Publishing House

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit विवाह (vivāha), from the root verb विवह् (vivah, “to marry”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [bibä̤ː]

Phonetic Devanagari: बिबाः

Noun

विवाह • (vivāha)

marriage, wedding
Synonyms: बिहा (bihā), बिहे (bihe)

Derived terms

बहुविवाह (bahuvivāha)
बाल-विवाह (bāl-vivāha)
विधवा-विवाह (vidhawā-vivāha)
विवाह गर्नु (vivāha garnu)

References

“विवाह”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ৱিৱাহ (Assamese script)
ᬯᬶᬯᬵᬳ (Balinese script)
বিবাহ (Bengali script)
𑰪𑰰𑰪𑰯𑰮 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀯𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀳 (Brahmi script)
ဝိဝါဟ (Burmese script)
વિવાહ (Gujarati script)
ਵਿਵਾਹ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌵𑌿𑌵𑌾𑌹 (Grantha script)
ꦮꦶꦮꦴꦲ (Javanese script)
𑂫𑂱𑂫𑂰𑂯 (Kaithi script)
ವಿವಾಹ (Kannada script)
វិវាហ (Khmer script)
ວິວາຫ (Lao script)
വിവാഹ (Malayalam script)
ᠸᡳᠸᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡥᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘪𑘱𑘪𑘰𑘮 (Modi script)
ᠸᠢᠸᠠᢗᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧊𑧒𑧊𑧑𑧎 (Nandinagari script)
𑐰𑐶𑐰𑐵𑐴 (Newa script)
ଵିଵାହ (Odia script)
ꢮꢶꢮꢵꢲ (Saurashtra script)
𑆮𑆴𑆮𑆳𑆲 (Sharada script)
𑖪𑖰𑖪𑖯𑖮 (Siddham script)
විවාහ (Sinhalese script)
𑩾𑩑𑩾𑩛𑪂 (Soyombo script)
𑚦𑚮𑚦𑚭𑚩 (Takri script)
விவாஹ (Tamil script)
వివాహ (Telugu script)
วิวาห (Thai script)
ཝི་ཝཱ་ཧ (Tibetan script)
𑒫𑒱𑒫𑒰𑒯 (Tirhuta script)
𑨭𑨁𑨭𑨊𑨱 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From वि (vi, adverbial prefix) +‎ वाह् (vāh, vriddhi derivative of वह् (vah, “to carry”)) +‎ -अ (-a, nominal suffix).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋi.ʋɑː.ɦɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ʋiˈʋɑː.ɦɐ/

Noun

विवाह • (vivāhá) stem, m

leading away (of the bride from her father's house), taking a wife, marriage with (+instrumental with or without सह (saha))
a particular kind of wind
vehicle (and "marriage")

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of विवाह
Nom. sg.	विवाहः (vivāhaḥ)
Gen. sg.	विवाहस्य (vivāhasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	विवाहः (vivāhaḥ)	विवाहौ (vivāhau)	विवाहाः (vivāhāḥ)
Vocative	विवाह (vivāha)	विवाहौ (vivāhau)	विवाहाः (vivāhāḥ)
Accusative	विवाहम् (vivāham)	विवाहौ (vivāhau)	विवाहान् (vivāhān)
Instrumental	विवाहेन (vivāhena)	विवाहाभ्याम् (vivāhābhyām)	विवाहैः (vivāhaiḥ)
Dative	विवाहाय (vivāhāya)	विवाहाभ्याम् (vivāhābhyām)	विवाहेभ्यः (vivāhebhyaḥ)
Ablative	विवाहात् (vivāhāt)	विवाहाभ्याम् (vivāhābhyām)	विवाहेभ्यः (vivāhebhyaḥ)
Genitive	विवाहस्य (vivāhasya)	विवाहयोः (vivāhayoḥ)	विवाहानाम् (vivāhānām)
Locative	विवाहे (vivāhe)	विवाहयोः (vivāhayoḥ)	विवाहेषु (vivāheṣu)

Noun

विवाह • (vi-vāhá) stem, n

a particularly high number

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of विवाह
Nom. sg.	विवाहम् (vivāham)
Gen. sg.	विवाहस्य (vivāhasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	विवाहम् (vivāham)	विवाहे (vivāhe)	विवाहानि (vivāhāni)
Vocative	विवाह (vivāha)	विवाहे (vivāhe)	विवाहानि (vivāhāni)
Accusative	विवाहम् (vivāham)	विवाहे (vivāhe)	विवाहानि (vivāhāni)
Instrumental	विवाहेन (vivāhena)	विवाहाभ्याम् (vivāhābhyām)	विवाहैः (vivāhaiḥ)
Dative	विवाहाय (vivāhāya)	विवाहाभ्याम् (vivāhābhyām)	विवाहेभ्यः (vivāhebhyaḥ)
Ablative	विवाहात् (vivāhāt)	विवाहाभ्याम् (vivāhābhyām)	विवाहेभ्यः (vivāhebhyaḥ)
Genitive	विवाहस्य (vivāhasya)	विवाहयोः (vivāhayoḥ)	विवाहानाम् (vivāhānām)
Locative	विवाहे (vivāhe)	विवाहयोः (vivāhayoḥ)	विवाहेषु (vivāheṣu)

Descendants

Bengali: বিয়ে (biẏe)
Early Assamese: বিহা (biha)
- Assamese: বিয়া (bia)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: विवाह (vivāh)
→ Lao: ວິວາຫະ (wi wā ha)
→ Malayalam: വിവാഹം (vivāhaṁ)
→ Nepali: विवाह (vivāha)
→ Old Javanese: wiwāha
- Javanese: ꦮꦶꦮꦲ (wiwaha)
- → Balinese: ᬯᬶᬯᬵᬳ
  - → Indonesian: wiwaha
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਵਿਆਹ (viāha)

Shahmukhi script: ویاہ (veyāh)
Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀯𑀺𑀯𑀸𑀳 (vivāha)
- → Hindustani:
  Hindi: ब्याह (byāh)
  
  Urdu: بياه
- Romani: biav
→ Sylheti: ꠛꠤꠀ (bia)
→ Tamil: விவாகம் (vivākam), விவாஹம் (vivāham)
→ Thai: วิวาห์ (wí-waa)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “विवाह”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0987.

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