लिखति

Sanskrit

Alternative forms
  • रिखति (rikháti)

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • লিখতি (Assamese script)
  • ᬮᬶᬔᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
  • লিখতি (Bengali script)
  • 𑰩𑰰𑰏𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀮𑀺𑀔𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
  • လိခတိ (Burmese script)
  • લિખતિ (Gujarati script)
  • ਲਿਖਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌲𑌿𑌖𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
  • ꦭꦶꦑꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂪𑂱𑂎𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
  • ಲಿಖತಿ (Kannada script)
  • លិខតិ (Khmer script)
  • ລິຂຕິ (Lao script)
  • ലിഖതി (Malayalam script)
  • ᠯᡳᡘᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘩𑘱𑘏𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
  • ᠯᠢᠻᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧉𑧒𑦯𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐮𑐶𑐏𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
  • ଲିଖତି (Odia script)
  • ꢭꢶꢓꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆬𑆴𑆒𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖩𑖰𑖏𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
  • ලිඛති (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩽𑩑𑩝𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚥𑚮𑚋𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
  • லிக²தி (Tamil script)
  • లిఖతి (Telugu script)
  • ลิขติ (Thai script)
  • ལི་ཁ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒪𑒱𑒐𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨬𑨁𑨌𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *rikʰ-á-ti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *rikʰ-á-ti, from Proto-Indo-European *rikh₂-é-ti, from *reyk(ʷ)h₂- (“to scratch”). Cognate with Lithuanian riekiù (“to cut, carve”), riēkti.[1] Compare रेखा (rekhā, “scratch, line”).

Potentially connected to Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyḱ- (“to break, scratch”). Compare Sanskrit लिशति (liśáti), रिशति (riśáti), Khotanese rräjsā, rräjsaa (“sharp”) (possibly), Ancient Greek ἐρείκω (ereíkō, “to rend, bruise, pound”), Middle Dutch riën (“to sew together”), Latin rixa (“quarrel, brawl”). This is less phonologically sound, given the aspirated kh in Sanskrit. Some have proposed an extension to the root with *-h₂ to account for this.[2][3]

Pronunciation

Verb

लिखति • (likháti) third-singular present indicative (root लिख्, class 6, type P, present)[4]

  1. to scratch, scrape
  2. to pierce, lance, scarify
  3. to write, inscribe, engrave
  4. to peck (of a bird)

Conjugation
Present: लिखति (likháti), लिखते (likháte)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third लिखति
likháti		 लिखतः
likhátaḥ		 लिखन्ति
likhánti		 लिखते
likháte		 लिखेते
likhéte		 लिखन्ते
likhánte
Second लिखसि
likhási		 लिखथः
likháthaḥ		 लिखथ
likhátha		 लिखसे
likháse		 लिखेथे
likhéthe		 लिखध्वे
likhádhve
First लिखामि
likhā́mi		 लिखावः
likhā́vaḥ		 लिखामः
likhā́maḥ		 लिखे
likhé		 लिखावहे
likhā́vahe		 लिखामहे
likhā́mahe
Imperative
Third लिखतु
likhátu		 लिखताम्
likhátām		 लिखन्तु
likhántu		 लिखताम्
likhátām		 लिखेताम्
likhétām		 लिखन्ताम्
likhántām
Second लिख
likhá		 लिखतम्
likhátam		 लिखत
likháta		 लिखस्व
likhásva		 लिखेथाम्
likhéthām		 लिखध्वम्
likhádhvam
First लिखानि
likhā́ni		 लिखाव
likhā́va		 लिखाम
likhā́ma		 लिखै
likhaí		 लिखावहै
likhā́vahai		 लिखामहै
likhā́mahai
Optative/Potential
Third लिखेत्
likhét		 लिखेताम्
likhétām		 लिखेयुः
likhéyuḥ		 लिखेत
likhéta		 लिखेयाताम्
likhéyātām		 लिखेरन्
likhéran
Second लिखेः
likhéḥ		 लिखेतम्
likhétam		 लिखेत
likhéta		 लिखेथाः
likhéthāḥ		 लिखेयाथाम्
likhéyāthām		 लिखेध्वम्
likhédhvam
First लिखेयम्
likhéyam		 लिखेव
likhéva		 लिखेम
likhéma		 लिखेय
likhéya		 लिखेवहि
likhévahi		 लिखेमहि
likhémahi
Participles
लिखत्
likhát		 लिखमान
likhámāna
Imperfect: अलिखत् (álikhat), अलिखत (álikhata)
Active Mediopassive
Singular Dual Plural Singular Dual Plural
Indicative
Third अलिखत्
álikhat		 अलिखताम्
álikhatām		 अलिखन्
álikhan		 अलिखत
álikhata		 अलिखेताम्
álikhetām		 अलिखन्त
álikhanta
Second अलिखः
álikhaḥ		 अलिखतम्
álikhatam		 अलिखत
álikhata		 अलिखथाः
álikhathāḥ		 अलिखेथाम्
álikhethām		 अलिखध्वम्
álikhadhvam
First अलिखम्
álikham		 अलिखाव
álikhāva		 अलिखाम
álikhāma		 अलिखे
álikhe		 अलिखावहि
álikhāvahi		 अलिखामहि
álikhāmahi

Descendants
  • Helu Prakrit:
  • Khasa Prakrit:
  • Magadhi Prakrit:
  • Maharastri Prakrit: 𑀮𑀺𑀳𑀇 (lihaï), 𑀮𑁂𑀳𑀇 (lehaï)
    • Old Marathi:
      Devanagari script: लहणे (lahaṇe), लिखणे (likhaṇe), लिहणे (lihaṇe), लेहणे (lehaṇe)
      Modi script: 𑘩𑘮𑘜𑘹 (lahaṇe), 𑘩𑘲𑘏𑘜𑘹 (līkhaṇe), 𑘩𑘲𑘮𑘜𑘹 (līhaṇe), 𑘩𑘹𑘮𑘜𑘹 (lehaṇe)
  • Paisaci Prakrit:
  • Pali: likhati
  • Sauraseni Prakrit: 𑀮𑀺𑀳𑀤𑀺 (lihadi), *𑀮𑀺𑀔𑀤𑀺 (*likhadi)

References
  1. Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*rei̯k(u̯)h₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 504
  2. Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001) “REKH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 457
  3. Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἐρείκω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 452
  4. Monier Williams (1899) “लिख्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 901, column 1.
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