मूर्ख

Hindi

Alternative forms

मूरख (mūrakh)

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit मूर्ख (mūrkha).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /muːɾkʰ/

Adjective

मूर्ख • (mūrkh) (indeclinable, Urdu spelling مورکھ)

stupid, dumb, foolish, idiotic
वह बहुत मूर्ख लगता है। ― vah bahut mūrkh lagtā hai. ― He looks very foolish.

Synonyms

नासमझ (nāsmajh)
बुद्धू (buddhū)
नादान (nādān)
बेवक़ूफ़ (bevqūf)
मंदबुद्धि (mandbuddhi)
बेअकल (beakal)

Noun

मूर्ख • (mūrkh) m (Urdu spelling مورکھ)

fool, idiot, dimwit, moron, dunce, simpleton
वह मुझे हमेशा मूर्ख कहती है।
vah mujhe hameśā mūrkh kahtī hai.
She always calls me a fool.

Declension

Declension of मूर्ख (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मूर्ख mūrkh	मूर्ख mūrkh
oblique	मूर्ख mūrkh	मूर्खों mūrkhõ
vocative	मूर्ख mūrkh	मूर्खो mūrkho

Synonyms

नादान (nādān)
बेवक़ूफ़ (bevqūf)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “मूर्ख”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

মূৰ্খ (Assamese script)
ᬫᬹᬃᬔ (Balinese script)
মূর্খ (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰳𑰨𑰿𑰏 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀽𑀭𑁆𑀔 (Brahmi script)
မူရ်္ခ (Burmese script)
મૂર્ખ (Gujarati script)
ਮੂਰ੍ਖ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌮𑍂𑌰𑍍𑌖 (Grantha script)
ꦩꦹꦂꦑ (Javanese script)
𑂧𑂴𑂩𑂹𑂎 (Kaithi script)
ಮೂರ್ಖ (Kannada script)
មូខ៌ (Khmer script)
ມູຣ຺ຂ (Lao script)
മൂര്ഖ (Malayalam script)
ᠮᡠᡠᡵᡘᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘦𑘴𑘨𑘿𑘏 (Modi script)
ᠮᠤᠤᠷᠻᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧆𑧕𑧈𑧠𑦯 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐹𑐬𑑂𑐏 (Newa script)
ମୂର୍ଖ (Odia script)
ꢪꢹꢬ꣄ꢓ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆷𑆫𑇀𑆒 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖳𑖨𑖿𑖏 (Siddham script)
මූර්‍ඛ (Sinhalese script)
𑩴𑩒𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩝 (Soyombo script)
𑚢𑚱𑚤𑚶𑚋 (Takri script)
மூர்க² (Tamil script)
మూర్ఖ (Telugu script)
มูรฺข (Thai script)
མཱུ་རྑ (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒴𑒩𑓂𑒐 (Tirhuta script)
𑨢𑨃𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨌 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Probably a formation from मूर्छ् (mūrch, “to congeal; to grow stiff and senseless”), by analogy with formations like शोक (śoka, “flame, sorrow”) from शुच् (śuc, “to shine, glow”), with semantic influence from मूर (mūra, “foolish, stupid”). Alternative derivations from Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-k- (“to grind, crush”), whence Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft, weak”), Old Irish malcad (“rottenness”), Lithuanian mùlkis (“fool, dummy”)) are doubtful.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /muːɾ.kʰɐ́/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmuːɾ.kʰɐ/

Adjective

मूर्ख • (mūrkhá) stem

foolish, silly, stupid, idiotic
inexperienced, dull

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मूर्ख (mūrkha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मूर्खः mūrkhaḥ	मूर्खौ / मूर्खा¹ mūrkhau / mūrkhā¹	मूर्खाः / मूर्खासः¹ mūrkhāḥ / mūrkhāsaḥ¹
Vocative	मूर्ख mūrkha	मूर्खौ / मूर्खा¹ mūrkhau / mūrkhā¹	मूर्खाः / मूर्खासः¹ mūrkhāḥ / mūrkhāsaḥ¹
Accusative	मूर्खम् mūrkham	मूर्खौ / मूर्खा¹ mūrkhau / mūrkhā¹	मूर्खान् mūrkhān
Instrumental	मूर्खेण mūrkheṇa	मूर्खाभ्याम् mūrkhābhyām	मूर्खैः / मूर्खेभिः¹ mūrkhaiḥ / mūrkhebhiḥ¹
Dative	मूर्खाय mūrkhāya	मूर्खाभ्याम् mūrkhābhyām	मूर्खेभ्यः mūrkhebhyaḥ
Ablative	मूर्खात् mūrkhāt	मूर्खाभ्याम् mūrkhābhyām	मूर्खेभ्यः mūrkhebhyaḥ
Genitive	मूर्खस्य mūrkhasya	मूर्खयोः mūrkhayoḥ	मूर्खाणाम् mūrkhāṇām
Locative	मूर्खे mūrkhe	मूर्खयोः mūrkhayoḥ	मूर्खेषु mūrkheṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Feminine ā-stem declension of मूर्खा (mūrkhā)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मूर्खा mūrkhā	मूर्खे mūrkhe	मूर्खाः mūrkhāḥ
Vocative	मूर्खे mūrkhe	मूर्खे mūrkhe	मूर्खाः mūrkhāḥ
Accusative	मूर्खाम् mūrkhām	मूर्खे mūrkhe	मूर्खाः mūrkhāḥ
Instrumental	मूर्खया / मूर्खा¹ mūrkhayā / mūrkhā¹	मूर्खाभ्याम् mūrkhābhyām	मूर्खाभिः mūrkhābhiḥ
Dative	मूर्खायै mūrkhāyai	मूर्खाभ्याम् mūrkhābhyām	मूर्खाभ्यः mūrkhābhyaḥ
Ablative	मूर्खायाः / मूर्खायै² mūrkhāyāḥ / mūrkhāyai²	मूर्खाभ्याम् mūrkhābhyām	मूर्खाभ्यः mūrkhābhyaḥ
Genitive	मूर्खायाः / मूर्खायै² mūrkhāyāḥ / mūrkhāyai²	मूर्खयोः mūrkhayoḥ	मूर्खाणाम् mūrkhāṇām
Locative	मूर्खायाम् mūrkhāyām	मूर्खयोः mūrkhayoḥ	मूर्खासु mūrkhāsu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Neuter a-stem declension of मूर्ख (mūrkha)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मूर्खम् mūrkham	मूर्खे mūrkhe	मूर्खाणि / मूर्खा¹ mūrkhāṇi / mūrkhā¹
Vocative	मूर्ख mūrkha	मूर्खे mūrkhe	मूर्खाणि / मूर्खा¹ mūrkhāṇi / mūrkhā¹
Accusative	मूर्खम् mūrkham	मूर्खे mūrkhe	मूर्खाणि / मूर्खा¹ mūrkhāṇi / mūrkhā¹
Instrumental	मूर्खेण mūrkheṇa	मूर्खाभ्याम् mūrkhābhyām	मूर्खैः / मूर्खेभिः¹ mūrkhaiḥ / mūrkhebhiḥ¹
Dative	मूर्खाय mūrkhāya	मूर्खाभ्याम् mūrkhābhyām	मूर्खेभ्यः mūrkhebhyaḥ
Ablative	मूर्खात् mūrkhāt	मूर्खाभ्याम् mūrkhābhyām	मूर्खेभ्यः mūrkhebhyaḥ
Genitive	मूर्खस्य mūrkhasya	मूर्खयोः mūrkhayoḥ	मूर्खाणाम् mūrkhāṇām
Locative	मूर्खे mūrkhe	मूर्खयोः mūrkhayoḥ	मूर्खेषु mūrkheṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Noun

मूर्ख • (mūrkhá) stem, m

fool, idiot, blockhead
a species of mung bean native to the Indian Subcontinent, Vigna radiata, green gram

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मूर्ख
Nom. sg.	मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ)
Gen. sg.	मूर्खस्य (mūrkhasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मूर्खः (mūrkhaḥ)	मूर्खौ (mūrkhau)	मूर्खाः (mūrkhāḥ)
Vocative	मूर्ख (mūrkha)	मूर्खौ (mūrkhau)	मूर्खाः (mūrkhāḥ)
Accusative	मूर्खम् (mūrkham)	मूर्खौ (mūrkhau)	मूर्खान् (mūrkhān)
Instrumental	मूर्खेन (mūrkhena)	मूर्खाभ्याम् (mūrkhābhyām)	मूर्खैः (mūrkhaiḥ)
Dative	मूर्खाय (mūrkhāya)	मूर्खाभ्याम् (mūrkhābhyām)	मूर्खेभ्यः (mūrkhebhyaḥ)
Ablative	मूर्खात् (mūrkhāt)	मूर्खाभ्याम् (mūrkhābhyām)	मूर्खेभ्यः (mūrkhebhyaḥ)
Genitive	मूर्खस्य (mūrkhasya)	मूर्खयोः (mūrkhayoḥ)	मूर्खानाम् (mūrkhānām)
Locative	मूर्खे (mūrkhe)	मूर्खयोः (mūrkhayoḥ)	मूर्खेषु (mūrkheṣu)

Descendants

Bengali: মূর্খ (murkho)
Hindi: मूर्ख (mūrkh)
Nepali: मूर्ख (mūrkha)
Old Javanese: mūrkha
- Javanese: ꦩꦸꦂꦏ (murka)
- → Balinese: ᬫᬹᬃᬔ (murka)
- → Malay: murka
  - Indonesian: murka
Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਮੂਰਖ (mūrakh)

Shahmukhi script: مورکھ (mūrakh)
→ Tamil: மூர்க்கம் (mūrkkam), மூர்க்கன் (mūrkkaṉ)
→ Telugu: మూర్ఖుడు (mūrkhuḍu)
→ Malayalam: മൂർഖൻ (mūṟkhaṉ)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “मूर्ख”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 823/3.
Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “mūrkha”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 367

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