मस्तक

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit मस्तक (mastaka).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /məs.t̪ək/, [mɐs.t̪ɐk]

Noun

मस्तक • (mastak) m (Urdu spelling مستک)

Declension

Declension of मस्तक (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	मस्तक mastak	मस्तक mastak
oblique	मस्तक mastak	मस्तकों mastakõ
vocative	मस्तक mastak	मस्तको mastako

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

মস্তক (Assamese script)
ᬫᬲ᭄ᬢᬓ (Balinese script)
মস্তক (Bengali script)
𑰦𑰭𑰿𑰝𑰎 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀫𑀲𑁆𑀢𑀓 (Brahmi script)
မသ္တက (Burmese script)
મસ્તક (Gujarati script)
ਮਸ੍ਤਕ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌮𑌸𑍍𑌤𑌕 (Grantha script)
ꦩꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ (Javanese script)
𑂧𑂮𑂹𑂞𑂍 (Kaithi script)
ಮಸ್ತಕ (Kannada script)
មស្តក (Khmer script)
ມສ຺ຕກ (Lao script)
മസ്തക (Malayalam script)
ᠮᠠᠰ᠌ᢠᠠᡬᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘦𑘭𑘿𑘝𑘎 (Modi script)
ᠮᠠᠰᢐᠠᢉᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧆𑧍𑧠𑦽𑦮 (Nandinagari script)
𑐩𑐳𑑂𑐟𑐎 (Newa script)
ମସ୍ତକ (Odia script)
ꢪꢱ꣄ꢡꢒ (Saurashtra script)
𑆩𑆱𑇀𑆠𑆑 (Sharada script)
𑖦𑖭𑖿𑖝𑖎 (Siddham script)
මස‍්තක (Sinhalese script)
𑩴𑪁 𑪙𑩫𑩜 (Soyombo script)
𑚢𑚨𑚶𑚙𑚊 (Takri script)
மஸ்தக (Tamil script)
మస్తక (Telugu script)
มสฺตก (Thai script)
མ་སྟ་ཀ (Tibetan script)
𑒧𑒮𑓂𑒞𑒏 (Tirhuta script)
𑨢𑨰𑩇𑨙𑨋 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /mɐs.tɐ.kɐ/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈmɐs̪.t̪ɐ.kɐ/

Noun

मस्तक • (mastaka) stem, m or n

the head, skull
the upper part of anything, top, summit (especially of mountains or trees)
the tuft of leaves which grows at the top of various species of palm trees

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of मस्तक (mastaka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मस्तकः mastakaḥ	मस्तकौ / मस्तका¹ mastakau / mastakā¹	मस्तकाः / मस्तकासः¹ mastakāḥ / mastakāsaḥ¹
Vocative	मस्तक mastaka	मस्तकौ / मस्तका¹ mastakau / mastakā¹	मस्तकाः / मस्तकासः¹ mastakāḥ / mastakāsaḥ¹
Accusative	मस्तकम् mastakam	मस्तकौ / मस्तका¹ mastakau / mastakā¹	मस्तकान् mastakān
Instrumental	मस्तकेन mastakena	मस्तकाभ्याम् mastakābhyām	मस्तकैः / मस्तकेभिः¹ mastakaiḥ / mastakebhiḥ¹
Dative	मस्तकाय mastakāya	मस्तकाभ्याम् mastakābhyām	मस्तकेभ्यः mastakebhyaḥ
Ablative	मस्तकात् mastakāt	मस्तकाभ्याम् mastakābhyām	मस्तकेभ्यः mastakebhyaḥ
Genitive	मस्तकस्य mastakasya	मस्तकयोः mastakayoḥ	मस्तकानाम् mastakānām
Locative	मस्तके mastake	मस्तकयोः mastakayoḥ	मस्तकेषु mastakeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Neuter a-stem declension of मस्तक (mastaka)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	मस्तकम् mastakam	मस्तके mastake	मस्तकानि / मस्तका¹ mastakāni / mastakā¹
Vocative	मस्तक mastaka	मस्तके mastake	मस्तकानि / मस्तका¹ mastakāni / mastakā¹
Accusative	मस्तकम् mastakam	मस्तके mastake	मस्तकानि / मस्तका¹ mastakāni / mastakā¹
Instrumental	मस्तकेन mastakena	मस्तकाभ्याम् mastakābhyām	मस्तकैः / मस्तकेभिः¹ mastakaiḥ / mastakebhiḥ¹
Dative	मस्तकाय mastakāya	मस्तकाभ्याम् mastakābhyām	मस्तकेभ्यः mastakebhyaḥ
Ablative	मस्तकात् mastakāt	मस्तकाभ्याम् mastakābhyām	मस्तकेभ्यः mastakebhyaḥ
Genitive	मस्तकस्य mastakasya	मस्तकयोः mastakayoḥ	मस्तकानाम् mastakānām
Locative	मस्तके mastake	मस्तकयोः mastakayoḥ	मस्तकेषु mastakeṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Dardic:
- Dameli: maštak
- Gawar-Bati: مَستَک (masták), مَستَاک (mastā́k)
- Kalasha: mhāsta, māsta
- Phalura: مات (mātu)
- Shina: مت, متھو
- Wotapuri-Katarqalai: mat, math
Prakrit: 𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣 (mattha)
- Central:
  - Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀫𑀢𑁆𑀣 (mattha)
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Awadhi: माथ (māth)
    - Hindustani: māthā
      - Hindi: माथा
      - Urdu: مَاتھَا
    - Old Gujarati:
      - Gujarati: માથું (māthũ)
      - Rajasthani:
        Marwari: माथो (mātho)
    - Punjabi: ਮੱਥੇ (matthe)
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: মাথ (math)
    - Bengali: মাথা (matha)
    - Bihari:
      - Bhojpuri: माथ (māth)
      - Maithili: माथ (māth)
    - Odia: ମାଥ (mathô)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Central Pahari:
      - Garhwali: माथो (mātho)
      - Kumaoni: मथा (mathā), माँथ (mā̃th)
    - Eastern Pahari:
      - Nepali: माथ (māth), माथि (māthi)
- Southern:
  - Helu Prakrit:
    - Dhivehi: މަތި (mati), މަތީ (matī), މަޗައް (macak̊)
    - Sinhalese: මත්ත (matta), මතු (matu), මත (mata)
  - Maharastri Prakrit:
    - Konkani:
      Devanagari script: माथें (māthẽ)
      
      Latin script: mathẽ
      
      Kannada script: ಮಾಥೆಂ
    - Marathi: माथा (māthā)
- Western:
  - Takka Apabhramsa:
    - Punjabi: matthā
      Gurmukhi script: ਮੱਥਾ
      
      Shahmukhi script: مَتَّا
  - Vracada Apabhramsa:
    - Sindhi: mathu, matho
      Arabic script: مَٺُ, مَٺو
      
      Devanagari script: मथु, मथो
      - Kachchi: મથો (matho)
→ Proto-Nuristani:
- Ashkun: mōstə
- Kamkata-viri: mištə, mŕũšⁱte
- Prasuni: must
- Waigali: muštä

Borrowed terms

→ Hindi: मस्तक (mastak)
→ Old Javanese: mastaka
- > Javanese: ꦩꦸꦱ꧀ꦠꦏ (mustaka) (inherited)
→ Tamil: மஸ்தகம் (mastakam), மத்தகம் (mattakam)
→ Telugu: మస్తకము (mastakamu)
→ Malayalam: മസ്തകം (mastakaṁ)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “masta”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 571

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