भय

See also: भैया

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भय (bhaya).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /bʱɛː/

Noun

भय • (bhay) m (Urdu spelling بھے or بھئے)

dread, fear
Synonyms: डर (ḍar), ख़ौफ़ (xauf), आतंक (ātaṅk)

जब भूत उसके सामने आया, वह भय से चीत्कार किया।
jab bhūt uske sāmne āyā, vah bhay se cītkār kiyā.
When the ghost appeared before him, he shrieked with fear.

Declension

Declension of भय (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	भय bhay	भय bhay
oblique	भय bhay	भयों bhayõ
vocative	भय bhay	भयो bhayo

Derived terms

अभय (abhay)
निर्भय (nirbhay)
निर्भयता (nirbhaytā)
भयंकर (bhayaṅkar)
भयंकरता (bhayaṅkartā)
भयभीत (bhaybhīt)
भयातुर (bhayātur)
भयानक (bhayānak)
भयानकता (bhayānaktā)
भयावह (bhayāvah)
भयावहता (bhayāvahtā)
सभय (sabhay)

Old Gujarati

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit भय (bhaya).

Noun

भय • (bhaya) n

fear, danger

Alternative forms

भयु (bhayu)

Pali

Alternative forms

bhaya (Latin script)
𑀪𑀬 (Brahmi script)
ভয (Bengali script)
භය (Sinhalese script)
ဘယ or ꧤယ (Burmese script)
ภย or ภะยะ (Thai script)
ᨽᨿ (Tai Tham script)
ຠຍ or ຠະຍະ (Lao script)
ភយ (Khmer script)
𑄞𑄠 (Chakma script)

Noun

भय n

Devanagari script form of bhaya (“fear”)

Declension

Declension table of "भय" (neuter)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	भयं (bhayaṃ)	भयानि (bhayāni)
Accusative (second)	भयं (bhayaṃ)	भयानि (bhayāni)
Instrumental (third)	भयेन (bhayena)	भयेहि (bhayehi) or भयेभि (bhayebhi)
Dative (fourth)	भयस्स (bhayassa) or भयाय (bhayāya) or भयत्थं (bhayatthaṃ)	भयानं (bhayānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	भयस्मा (bhayasmā) or भयम्हा (bhayamhā) or भया (bhayā)	भयेहि (bhayehi) or भयेभि (bhayebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	भयस्स (bhayassa)	भयानं (bhayānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	भयस्मिं (bhayasmiṃ) or भयम्हि (bhayamhi) or भये (bhaye)	भयेसु (bhayesu)
Vocative (calling)	भय (bhaya)	भयानि (bhayāni)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ভয় (Assamese script)
ᬪᬬ (Balinese script)
ভয় (Bengali script)
𑰥𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀪𑀬 (Brahmi script)
ဘယ (Burmese script)
ભય (Gujarati script)
ਭਯ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌭𑌯 (Grantha script)
ꦨꦪ (Javanese script)
𑂦𑂨 (Kaithi script)
ಭಯ (Kannada script)
ភយ (Khmer script)
ຠຍ (Lao script)
ഭയ (Malayalam script)
ᢨᠠᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘥𑘧 (Modi script)
ᠪᠾᠠᠶ᠋ᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑧅𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
𑐨𑐫 (Newa script)
ଭଯ (Odia script)
ꢩꢫ (Saurashtra script)
𑆨𑆪 (Sharada script)
𑖥𑖧 (Siddham script)
භය (Sinhalese script)
𑩳𑩻 (Soyombo script)
𑚡𑚣 (Takri script)
ப⁴ய (Tamil script)
భయ (Telugu script)
ภย (Thai script)
བྷ་ཡ (Tibetan script)
𑒦𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
𑨡𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to fear”). Cognate with Old English bifian (“to tremble”), Persian (bim, “fear”) and Russian бояться (bojatʹsja).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /bʱɐ.jɐ́/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈbʱɐ.jɐ/

Noun

भय • (bhayá) stem, n

fear, alarm, dread, terror, dismay
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 2.41.10:
  इन्द्रो अङ्ग महद्भयम्अभी षदप चुच्यवत् ।
  स हि स्थिरो विचर्षणिः ॥
  indro aṅga mahadbhayamabhī ṣadapa cucyavat.
  sa hi sthiro vicarṣaṇiḥ.
  Verily Indra, conquering all, driveth even mighty fear away,
  For firm is he and swift to act.
danger, peril, distress

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of भय (bhayá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	भयम् bhayám	भये bhayé	भयानि / भया¹ bhayā́ni / bhayā́¹
Vocative	भय bháya	भये bháye	भयानि / भया¹ bháyāni / bháyā¹
Accusative	भयम् bhayám	भये bhayé	भयानि / भया¹ bhayā́ni / bhayā́¹
Instrumental	भयेन bhayéna	भयाभ्याम् bhayā́bhyām	भयैः / भयेभिः¹ bhayaíḥ / bhayébhiḥ¹
Dative	भयाय bhayā́ya	भयाभ्याम् bhayā́bhyām	भयेभ्यः bhayébhyaḥ
Ablative	भयात् bhayā́t	भयाभ्याम् bhayā́bhyām	भयेभ्यः bhayébhyaḥ
Genitive	भयस्य bhayásya	भययोः bhayáyoḥ	भयानाम् bhayā́nām
Locative	भये bhayé	भययोः bhayáyoḥ	भयेषु bhayéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Related terms

भीम (bhīma, “fearful”)
अभय (abhaya, “fearless”)
भयंकर (bhayaṃkara, “fearful”)

Descendants

Pali: bhaya
Prakrit: 𑀪𑀬 (bhaya)
Maharastri Prakrit:
- Konkani: भंय (bhãy)
- Marathi: भें (bhẽ)
Paisaci Prakrit:
- Punjabi: ਭੌ (bhau)
Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Hindi: भौ (bhau)
→ Assamese: ভয় (bhoy)
→ Bengali: ভয় (bhoẏ)
→ Hindi: भय (bhay)
→ Kannada: ಭಯ (bhaya)
→ Lü: ᦺᦘ (phay)
→ Malay: bahaya
- Indonesian: bahaya
→ Malayalam: ഭയം (bhayaṁ)
→ Old Gujarati: भय (bhaya)
→ Old Javanese: bhaya
- Javanese: ꦧꦪ (baya, “danger, hazard”)
- → Balinese: ᬪᬬ (baya, “danger, peril”)
→ Tamil: பயம் (payam)
→ Telugu: భయము (bhayamu)
→ Thai: ภัย (pai)

References

Monier Williams (1899) “भय”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 747.

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