بیم
See also: تیم
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian [script needed] (bym /bīm/, “fear, fright, dread”), from Proto-Iranian *biHmáh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *bʰiHmás, from Proto-Indo-European *bʰeyh₂- (“to fear”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬠(𐬀)𐬌𐬌- (b(a)ii-, “to fear”), Sanskrit बिभेति (bibheti, “to fear”) (compare identical formation भीम (bhīmá, “fearful”)), Old Church Slavonic боꙗти (bojati, “to fear”) (Russian бояться (bojatʹsja)) and Old English bifian (“to shiver”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [biːm]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [biːm]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [biːm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [bim]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [biːm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [bim]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | bīm |
| Dari reading? | bīm |
| Iranian reading? | bim |
| Tajik reading? | bim |
Noun
| Dari | بیم |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | бим |
بیم • (bim)
- fear
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3068:
- هر محال از دست او ممکن شود / هر حرون از بیم او ساکن شود
- har muhâl az dast-i-ô mumkin šawad / har harûn az bîm-i-ô sâkun šawad
- By His hand every impossible thing is made possible; by fear of Him every unruly one is made quiet.
References
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “beem”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “bīm”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 3
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