बोलना

Hindi

Etymology

Hindi verb set
बोलना (bolnā)
बुलाना (bulānā)
बुलवाना (bulvānā)
बोलवाना (bolvānā)

Inherited from Sauraseni Prakrit 𑀩𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀮𑀤𑀺 (bolladi), from Ashokan Prakrit *𑀩𑁄𑀮𑁆𑀮𑁆 (*boll, to speak, utter). Compare Bengali বলা (bola), Assamese বোলা (büla), Marathi बोलणे (bolṇe), Punjabi ਬੋਲਣਾ (bolṇā), Nepali बोल्नु (bolnu).[1] Also compare बुलाना (bulānā, to call).

Perhaps further from Sanskrit *बूर्यते (būryate), a metathesized form of ब्रूयते (brūyate), from the root ब्रू (brū, speak, say).[2]

Pronunciation

  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /boːl.nɑː/, [boːl.näː]

Verb

बोलना • (bolnā) (intransitive, Urdu spelling بولنا)

  1. to speak, say
    Synonym: कहना (kahnā)
    बोल, वरना मैं मां को बताऊंगा।
    bol, varnā ma͠i mā̃ ko batāūṅgā.
    Say it, or I'll tell mom!
  2. to tell [+ (object) को = to] [+ (object) से = to]

Usage notes

बोलना (bolnā) is an intransitive verb, meaning that its subject does not take the ergative marker in the perfective tenses, instead always being unmarked. Interestingly, the derivatives of Sanskrit ब्रू (brū) were also intransitive; this phenomenon may be a continuation of that.

Conjugation

References

  1. Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “*bōll”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
  2. Chatterji, Suniti Kumar (1926) The Origin and Development of the Bengali Language, volume 2, Calcutta: Calcutta University Press, page 876
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