पुरस्

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *pr̥Hás (“before, in front”), from Proto-Indo-European *pr̥h₂-ós, from *preh₂- (“before, in front”). Cognate with Latin prae (“before, in front of”) prior, Ancient Greek πάρος (páros), Proto-Slavic *pьrvъ, and English first and fore.

Pronunciation

Adverb

पुरस् • (purás)

  1. in front
    • c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.31.11:
      सूर॑श्चि॒द्रथं॒ परि॑तक्म्यायां॒ पूर्वं॑ कर॒दुप॑रं जूजु॒वांस॑म्।
      भर॑च्च॒क्रमेत॑श॒: सं रि॑णाति पु॒रो दध॑त्सनिष्यति॒ क्रतुं॑ नः॥
      sū́raścidráthaṃ páritakmyāyāṃ pū́rvaṃ karadúparaṃ jūjuvā́ṃsam.
      bháraccakrámétaśa: sáṃ riṇāti puró dádhatsaniṣyati krátuṃ naḥ.
      He, Indra, has formerly arrested in battle the rapid chariot of the sun; Etaśa has born away the wheel, and with it Indra demolishes his foes; may he, giving us precedence, be propitiated by our rite.
  2. before
  3. towards or from the east

Preposition

पुरस् • (purás)

  1. before, in advance, forward
  2. (with genitive, locative or accusative) in the presence of, before the eyes

Derived terms
  • पुरःसद् (puraḥsád, “sitting in front, presiding”)
  • पुरःस्थात्रि (puraḥsthātri, “standing at the head, a leader”)
  • पुरःस्थित (puraḥsthita, “impending, imminent”)
  • पुरतस् (puratas, “before, in front of”)
  • पुरस्कार (puraskāra, “placing at front; preference; reward”)
  • पुरोहित (purohita, “placed in front, commissioned, appointed”)

Descendants
  • Ashokan Prakrit:
    • Maharastri Prakrit:
      • Konkani: फुडे (phuḍe)
      • Old Marathi: पुढां (puḍhāṃ) ? (or from प्रथम (prathama))

References
  • Monier Williams (1899) “पुरस्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 634/2.
  • Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 146-147
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