न्यून
Hindi
Pronunciation
- (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /njuːn/, [njũːn]
Adjective
न्यून • (nyūn) (indeclinable) (rare, formal)
Hypernyms
- न्यूनतम (nyūntam)
Related terms
- नूनी (nūnī)
Further reading
- Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “न्यून”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ন্যূন (Assamese script)
- ᬦ᭄ᬬᬹᬦ (Balinese script)
- ন্যূন (Bengali script)
- 𑰡𑰿𑰧𑰳𑰡 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀦𑁆𑀬𑀽𑀦 (Brahmi script)
- နျူန (Burmese script)
- ન્યૂન (Gujarati script)
- ਨ੍ਯੂਨ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌨𑍍𑌯𑍂𑌨 (Grantha script)
- ꦤꦾꦹꦤ (Javanese script)
- 𑂢𑂹𑂨𑂴𑂢 (Kaithi script)
- ನ್ಯೂನ (Kannada script)
- ន្យូន (Khmer script)
- ນ຺ຍູນ (Lao script)
- ന്യൂന (Malayalam script)
- ᠨᠶᡠᡠᠨᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘡𑘿𑘧𑘴𑘡 (Modi script)
- ᠨᠶ᠋ᠤᠤᠨᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧁𑧠𑧇𑧕𑧁 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐣𑑂𑐫𑐹𑐣 (Newa script)
- ନ୍ଯୂନ (Odia script)
- ꢥ꣄ꢫꢹꢥ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆤𑇀𑆪𑆷𑆤 (Sharada script)
- 𑖡𑖿𑖧𑖳𑖡 (Siddham script)
- න්යූන (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩯 𑪙𑩻𑩒𑩛𑩯 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚝𑚶𑚣𑚱𑚝 (Takri script)
- ந்யூந (Tamil script)
- న్యూన (Telugu script)
- นฺยูน (Thai script)
- ནྱཱུ་ན (Tibetan script)
- 𑒢𑓂𑒨𑒴𑒢 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨝𑩇𑨪𑨃𑨊𑨝 (Zanabazar Square script)
Adjective
न्यून • (nyū̀na) stem (metrical Vedic níyūna)
- less, diminished, defective, deficient
- Synonym: ऊन (ūna)
- Antonyms: अनून (anūna), अन्यून (anyūna)
- c. 700 BCE, Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa 6.3.3.26:
- समंबिला योनिर्वा इयं रेत इदं यद्वै रेतसो योनिमतिरिच्यतेऽमुया तद्भवत्यथ यन्न्यूनं व्यृद्धं तदेतद्वै रेतसः समृद्धं यत्समम्बिलं चतुःस्रक्तिरेष कूपो भवति चतस्रो वै दिशः सर्वाभ्य एवैनमेतद्दिग्भ्यः खनति
- samaṃbilā yonirvā iyaṃ reta idaṃ yadvai retaso yonimatiricyateʼmuyā tadbhavatyatha yannyūnaṃ vyṛddhaṃ tadetadvai retasaḥ samṛddhaṃ yatsamambilaṃ catuḥsraktireṣa kūpo bhavati catasro vai diśaḥ sarvābhya evainametaddigbhyaḥ khanati
- It (the lump of clay) should be as large as the hole: thus this earth (or clay) becomes his (Agni's) self. And as to its (being) as large as the hole, -- this earth is the womb, and this clay is seed; and whatever part of the seed exceeds the womb, becomes useless; and what is deficient, is unsuccessful; but that part of the seed which is within the hole is successful. Four-cornered is this hole, for there are four quarters: from all the four quarters he thus digs him out.
- समंबिला योनिर्वा इयं रेत इदं यद्वै रेतसो योनिमतिरिच्यतेऽमुया तद्भवत्यथ यन्न्यूनं व्यृद्धं तदेतद्वै रेतसः समृद्धं यत्समम्बिलं चतुःस्रक्तिरेष कूपो भवति चतस्रो वै दिशः सर्वाभ्य एवैनमेतद्दिग्भ्यः खनति
- having a defect in the feet
Declension
| Masculine a-stem declension of न्यून (nyū̀na) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | न्यूनः nyū̀naḥ |
न्यूनौ / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nau / nyū̀nā¹ |
न्यूनाः / न्यूनासः¹ nyū̀nāḥ / nyū̀nāsaḥ¹ |
| Vocative | न्यून nyū́na |
न्यूनौ / न्यूना¹ nyū́nau / nyū́nā¹ |
न्यूनाः / न्यूनासः¹ nyū́nāḥ / nyū́nāsaḥ¹ |
| Accusative | न्यूनम् nyū̀nam |
न्यूनौ / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nau / nyū̀nā¹ |
न्यूनान् nyū̀nān |
| Instrumental | न्यूनेन nyū̀nena |
न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām |
न्यूनैः / न्यूनेभिः¹ nyū̀naiḥ / nyū̀nebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | न्यूनाय nyū̀nāya |
न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām |
न्यूनेभ्यः nyū̀nebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | न्यूनात् nyū̀nāt |
न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām |
न्यूनेभ्यः nyū̀nebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | न्यूनस्य nyū̀nasya |
न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ |
न्यूनानाम् nyū̀nānām |
| Locative | न्यूने nyū̀ne |
न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ |
न्यूनेषु nyū̀neṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Feminine ā-stem declension of न्यूना (nyū̀nā) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | न्यूना nyū̀nā |
न्यूने nyū̀ne |
न्यूनाः nyū̀nāḥ |
| Vocative | न्यूने nyū́ne |
न्यूने nyū́ne |
न्यूनाः nyū́nāḥ |
| Accusative | न्यूनाम् nyū̀nām |
न्यूने nyū̀ne |
न्यूनाः nyū̀nāḥ |
| Instrumental | न्यूनया / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nayā / nyū̀nā¹ |
न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām |
न्यूनाभिः nyū̀nābhiḥ |
| Dative | न्यूनायै nyū̀nāyai |
न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām |
न्यूनाभ्यः nyū̀nābhyaḥ |
| Ablative | न्यूनायाः / न्यूनायै² nyū̀nāyāḥ / nyū̀nāyai² |
न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām |
न्यूनाभ्यः nyū̀nābhyaḥ |
| Genitive | न्यूनायाः / न्यूनायै² nyū̀nāyāḥ / nyū̀nāyai² |
न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ |
न्यूनानाम् nyū̀nānām |
| Locative | न्यूनायाम् nyū̀nāyām |
न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ |
न्यूनासु nyū̀nāsu |
| Notes |
| ||
| Neuter a-stem declension of न्यून (nyū̀na) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | न्यूनम् nyū̀nam |
न्यूने nyū̀ne |
न्यूनानि / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nāni / nyū̀nā¹ |
| Vocative | न्यून nyū́na |
न्यूने nyū́ne |
न्यूनानि / न्यूना¹ nyū́nāni / nyū́nā¹ |
| Accusative | न्यूनम् nyū̀nam |
न्यूने nyū̀ne |
न्यूनानि / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nāni / nyū̀nā¹ |
| Instrumental | न्यूनेन nyū̀nena |
न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām |
न्यूनैः / न्यूनेभिः¹ nyū̀naiḥ / nyū̀nebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | न्यूनाय nyū̀nāya |
न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām |
न्यूनेभ्यः nyū̀nebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | न्यूनात् nyū̀nāt |
न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām |
न्यूनेभ्यः nyū̀nebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | न्यूनस्य nyū̀nasya |
न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ |
न्यूनानाम् nyū̀nānām |
| Locative | न्यूने nyū̀ne |
न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ |
न्यूनेषु nyū̀neṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Declension
| Neuter a-stem declension of न्यून (nyū̀na) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | न्यूनम् nyū̀nam |
न्यूने nyū̀ne |
न्यूनानि / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nāni / nyū̀nā¹ |
| Vocative | न्यून nyū́na |
न्यूने nyū́ne |
न्यूनानि / न्यूना¹ nyū́nāni / nyū́nā¹ |
| Accusative | न्यूनम् nyū̀nam |
न्यूने nyū̀ne |
न्यूनानि / न्यूना¹ nyū̀nāni / nyū̀nā¹ |
| Instrumental | न्यूनेन nyū̀nena |
न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām |
न्यूनैः / न्यूनेभिः¹ nyū̀naiḥ / nyū̀nebhiḥ¹ |
| Dative | न्यूनाय nyū̀nāya |
न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām |
न्यूनेभ्यः nyū̀nebhyaḥ |
| Ablative | न्यूनात् nyū̀nāt |
न्यूनाभ्याम् nyū̀nābhyām |
न्यूनेभ्यः nyū̀nebhyaḥ |
| Genitive | न्यूनस्य nyū̀nasya |
न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ |
न्यूनानाम् nyū̀nānām |
| Locative | न्यूने nyū̀ne |
न्यूनयोः nyū̀nayoḥ |
न्यूनेषु nyū̀neṣu |
| Notes |
| ||
Descendants
- Prakrit: 𑀡𑀽𑀡 (ṇūṇa)
- → Tamil: நியூனம் (niyūṉam), நூனம் (nūṉam)
- → Assamese: ন্যূন (nyun) (learned)
- → Bengali: ন্যূন (nun) (learned)
- → Gujarati: ન્યૂન (nyūn) (learned)
- → Hindustani: (learned)
- Hindi: न्यून (nyūn)
- → Kannada: ನ್ಯೂನ (nyūna) (learned)
- → Malayalam: ന്യൂനം (nyūnaṁ) (learned)
- → Marathi: न्यून (nyūn) (learned)
- → Odia: ନ୍ୟୂନ (nyunô) (learned)
- → Telugu: న్యూనము (nyūnamu) (learned)
Further reading
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “nyūˋna”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press
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