नदी

See also: नाद and नींद

Bhojpuri

Etymology

Learned borrowing from Sanskrit नदी (nadī). Doublet of नद्दी (naddī).

Noun

नदी (nadī) f (Kaithi 𑂢𑂠𑂲)

river

Hindi

नदी

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नदी (nadī́).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /nə.d̪iː/, [nɐ.d̪iː]
Audio (file)

Noun

नदी • (nadī) f (Urdu spelling ندی)

(geography) river
Synonyms: सरिता (saritā), दरिया (dariyā), नदिया (nadiyā), सरि (sari)

बहुत देर के बाद, नदी समुद्र में गिर जाती है।
bahut der ke bād, nadī samudra mẽ gir jātī hai.
After a long time, the river falls into the sea.

Declension

Declension of नदी (fem ī-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	नदी nadī	नदियाँ nadiyā̃
oblique	नदी nadī	नदियों nadiyõ
vocative	नदी nadī	नदियो nadiyo

References

Platts, John T. (1884) “नदी”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
Bahri, Hardev (1989) “नदी”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
Dāsa, Śyāmasundara (1965–1975) “नदी”, in Hindī Śabdasāgara [lit. Sea of Hindi words] (in Hindi), Kashi [Varanasi]: Nagari Pracarini Sabha
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “नदी”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नदी (nadī́).

Noun

नदी • (nadī) f

river

References

Berntsen, Maxine, “नदी”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies, 1982-1983.

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit नदी (nadī́).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [nʌd̪i]

Phonetic Devanagari: नदि

Noun

नदी • (nadī)

(geography) (large) river

Pali

Alternative forms

nadī (Latin script)
𑀦𑀤𑀻 (Brahmi script)
নদী (Bengali script)
නදී (Sinhalese script)
နဒီ or နဒဳ or ၼၻီ (Burmese script)
นที or นะที (Thai script)
ᨶᨴᩦ (Tai Tham script)
ນທີ or ນະທີ (Lao script)
នទី (Khmer script)
𑄚𑄘𑄩 (Chakma script)

Noun

नदी f

Devanagari script form of nadī “river”

Declension

Declension table of "नदी" (feminine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	नदी (nadī)	नदियो (nadiyo) or नदी (nadī)
Accusative (second)	नदिं (nadiṃ) or नदियं (nadiyaṃ)	नदियो (nadiyo) or नदी (nadī)
Instrumental (third)	नदिया (nadiyā)	नदीहि (nadīhi) or नदीभि (nadībhi)
Dative (fourth)	नदिया (nadiyā)	नदीनं (nadīnaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	नदिया (nadiyā)	नदीहि (nadīhi) or नदीभि (nadībhi)
Genitive (sixth)	नदिया (nadiyā)	नदीनं (nadīnaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	नदिया (nadiyā) or नदियं (nadiyaṃ)	नदीसु (nadīsu)
Vocative (calling)	नदि (nadi)	नदियो (nadiyo) or नदी (nadī)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

নদী (Assamese script)
ᬦᬤᬷ (Balinese script)
নদী (Bengali script)
𑰡𑰟𑰱 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀦𑀤𑀻 (Brahmi script)
နဒီ (Burmese script)
નદી (Gujarati script)
ਨਦੀ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌨𑌦𑍀 (Grantha script)
ꦤꦢꦷ (Javanese script)
𑂢𑂠𑂲 (Kaithi script)
ನದೀ (Kannada script)
នទី (Khmer script)
ນທີ (Lao script)
നദീ (Malayalam script)
ᠨᠠᡩᡳᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘡𑘟𑘲 (Modi script)
ᠨᠠᢑᠢᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧁𑦿𑧓 (Nandinagari script)
𑐣𑐡𑐷 (Newa script)
ନଦୀ (Odia script)
ꢥꢣꢷ (Saurashtra script)
𑆤𑆢𑆵 (Sharada script)
𑖡𑖟𑖱 (Siddham script)
නදී (Sinhalese script)
𑩯𑩭𑩑𑩛 (Soyombo script)
𑚝𑚛𑚯 (Takri script)
நதீ³ (Tamil script)
నదీ (Telugu script)
นที (Thai script)
ན་དཱི (Tibetan script)
𑒢𑒠𑒲 (Tirhuta script)
𑨝𑨛𑨁𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *nadíH (“river”), perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *ned-ih₂, from *ned- (“thundering, roaring, rushing”) +‎ *-íh₂. Cognate with Younger Avestan 𐬀𐬥𐬀𐬌𐬜𐬍𐬨 (anaⁱδīm, “across a river”). Possibly related to Ancient Greek Νέδα (Néda, name of a river), Middle Low German Nette (name of a river).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /nɐ.díː/

(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈn̪ɐ.d̪iː/

Noun

नदी • (nadī́) stem, f

flowing water, river
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.55.7:
  न पर्व॑ता॒ न न॒द्यो॑ वरन्त वो॒ यत्राचि॑ध्वं मरुतो॒ गच्छ॒थेदु॒ तत्।
  उ॒त द्यावा॑पृथि॒वी या॑थना॒ परि॒ शुभं॑ या॒तामनु॒ रथा॑ अवृत्सत॥
  ná párvatā ná nadyò varanta vo yátrā́cidhvaṃ maruto gácchathédu tát.
  utá dyā́vāpṛthivī́ yāthanā pári śúbhaṃ yātā́mánu ráthā avṛtsata.
  Let not the mountains, let not the rivers, arrest you; whither you purpose, Maruts, thither repair, and compass heaven and earth; may the cars of the quick-moving Maruts arrive for our good.
(poetry) name of 2 kinds of metre
(linguistics) name of particular feminine stems ending in -ī or -ū (as in नदी (nadī) itself)

Declension

Feminine ī-stem declension of नदी (nadī́)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	नदी nadī́	नद्यौ / नदी¹ nadyaù / nadī́¹	नद्यः / नदीः¹ nadyàḥ / nadī́ḥ¹
Vocative	नदि nádi	नद्यौ / नदी¹ nádyau / nádī¹	नद्यः / नदीः¹ nádyaḥ / nádīḥ¹
Accusative	नदीम् nadī́m	नद्यौ / नदी¹ nadyaù / nadī́¹	नदीः nadī́ḥ
Instrumental	नद्या nadyā́	नदीभ्याम् nadī́bhyām	नदीभिः nadī́bhiḥ
Dative	नद्यै nadyaí	नदीभ्याम् nadī́bhyām	नदीभ्यः nadī́bhyaḥ
Ablative	नद्याः / नद्यै² nadyā́ḥ / nadyaí²	नदीभ्याम् nadī́bhyām	नदीभ्यः nadī́bhyaḥ
Genitive	नद्याः / नद्यै² nadyā́ḥ / nadyaí²	नद्योः nadyóḥ	नदीनाम् nadī́nām
Locative	नद्याम् nadyā́m	नद्योः nadyóḥ	नदीषु nadī́ṣu
Notes	¹Vedic ²Brāhmaṇas

Derived terms

नादेय (nādeyá)
नादेयी (nādeyī)

Descendants

Magadhi Prakrit: 𑀡𑀈 (ṇaī)
- Kamarupi Prakrit: 𑖜𑖂 (ṇai)
  - Assamese: নৈ (noi)
- Odia: ନଈ (nôi)
Maharastri Prakrit:
- Old Marathi: नई (naī), नइ (naï)
→ Old Javanese: nadī
- > Javanese: ꦤꦢꦶ (nadi) (inherited)
Pali: nadī
Romani: len
→Tatsama:
- Bengali: নদী (nodi)
- Gujarati: નદી (nadī)
- Hindi: नदी (nadī)
- Kannada: ನದಿ (nadi)
- Kashmiri: नदी (nadī)
- Malayalam: നദി (nadi)
- Marathi: नदी (nadī)
- Nepali: नदी (nadī)
- Odia: ନଦୀ (nôdi)
- Punjabi: ਨਦੀ (nadī)
- Rajasthani: नंदी
- Sindhi: ندي
- Tamil: நதி (nati)
- Telugu: నది (nadi)
- Urdu: ندی

References

Monier Williams (1899) “नदी”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 526/1.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 9
Lubotsky, Alexander (2011) The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 324

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