दुःख

See also: दूःख, देखो, दाख, देख, देखि, दुखी, and दुःखी

Hindi

Alternative forms

दुख (dukh)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).

Pronunciation

(Delhi Hindi) IPA^(key): /d̪ʊkʰ/

Noun

दुःख • (duḥkh) m (Urdu spelling دکھ)

sorrow, grief, sadness
Synonyms: ग़म (ġam), उदासी (udāsī)

अपना दुःख मित्र के साथ बाँटना चाहिए।
apnā duḥkh mitra ke sāth bā̃ṭnā cāhie.
You should share your sorrows with friends.
suffering, distress
Synonym: कष्ट (kaṣṭ)

Antonym: सुख (sukh)

उसने जीवन में बहुत दुःख उठाया।
usne jīvan mẽ bahut duḥkh uṭhāyā.
He has endured much suffering in his life.

Declension

Declension of दुःख (masc cons-stem)

	singular	plural
direct	दुःख duḥkh	दुःख duḥkh
oblique	दुःख duḥkh	दुःखों duḥkhõ
vocative	दुःख duḥkh	दुःखो duḥkho

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989) “दुःख”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.

Nepali

Alternative forms

दुख (dukha)

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [d̪uk̚kʰʌ], [d̪uk̞ʰʌ]

Phonetic Devanagari: दुक्ख, or दुखअ

Noun

दुःख • (duḥkha)

sorrow, grief, sadness
suffering, distress
Synonyms: वेदना (vedanā), कष्ट (kaṣṭa), क्लेश (kleś)

Antonym: सुख (sukha)
trouble, hardship
Synonym: तकलीफ (taklīph)
shortage, need

References

“दुःख”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “दुःख”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

दुᳵख (duxkha)

Alternative scripts

দুঃখ (Assamese script)
ᬤᬸᬄᬔ (Balinese script)
দুঃখ (Bengali script)
𑰟𑰲𑰾𑰏 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀤𑀼𑀂𑀔 (Brahmi script)
ဒုးခ (Burmese script)
દુઃખ (Gujarati script)
ਦੁਃਖ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌦𑍁𑌃𑌖 (Grantha script)
ꦢꦸꦃꦑ (Javanese script)
𑂠𑂳𑂂𑂎 (Kaithi script)
ದುಃಖ (Kannada script)
ទុះខ (Khmer script)
ທຸະຂ (Lao script)
ദുഃഖ (Malayalam script)
ᡩᡠᢁᡘᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘟𑘳𑘾𑘏 (Modi script)
ᢑᠤᢁ᠋ᠻᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑦿𑧔𑧟𑦯 (Nandinagari script)
𑐡𑐸𑑅𑐏 (Newa script)
ଦୁଃଖ (Odia script)
ꢣꢸꢁꢓ (Saurashtra script)
𑆢𑆶𑆂𑆒 (Sharada script)
𑖟𑖲𑖾𑖏 (Siddham script)
දුඃඛ (Sinhalese script)
𑩭𑩒𑪗𑩝 (Soyombo script)
𑚛𑚰𑚬𑚋 (Takri script)
து³𑌃க² (Tamil script)
దుఃఖ (Telugu script)
ทุะข (Thai script)
དུཿ་ཁ (Tibetan script)
𑒠𑒳𑓁𑒐 (Tirhuta script)
𑨛𑨃𑨹𑨌 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Probably reborrowed from a Prakrit form of earlier दुःस्थ (duḥstha, “poor”), from दुस्- (dus-) +‎ स्थ (stha).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /duh.kʰɐ́/, [dux.kʰɐ́]
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd̪uh.kʰɐ/

Noun

दुःख • (duḥkhá) stem, n

sorrow, distress, suffering, grief, misery, uneasiness, pain

Declension

Neuter a-stem declension of दुःख (duḥkhá)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	दुःखम् duḥkhám	दुःखे duḥkhé	दुःखानि / दुःखा¹ duḥkhā́ni / duḥkhā́¹
Vocative	दुःख dúḥkha	दुःखे dúḥkhe	दुःखानि / दुःखा¹ dúḥkhāni / dúḥkhā¹
Accusative	दुःखम् duḥkhám	दुःखे duḥkhé	दुःखानि / दुःखा¹ duḥkhā́ni / duḥkhā́¹
Instrumental	दुःखेन duḥkhéna	दुःखाभ्याम् duḥkhā́bhyām	दुःखैः / दुःखेभिः¹ duḥkhaíḥ / duḥkhébhiḥ¹
Dative	दुःखाय duḥkhā́ya	दुःखाभ्याम् duḥkhā́bhyām	दुःखेभ्यः duḥkhébhyaḥ
Ablative	दुःखात् duḥkhā́t	दुःखाभ्याम् duḥkhā́bhyām	दुःखेभ्यः duḥkhébhyaḥ
Genitive	दुःखस्य duḥkhásya	दुःखयोः duḥkháyoḥ	दुःखानाम् duḥkhā́nām
Locative	दुःखे duḥkhé	दुःखयोः duḥkháyoḥ	दुःखेषु duḥkhéṣu
Notes	¹Vedic

Descendants

Assamese: দুখ (dukh)
Punjabi: ਦੁੱਖ (dukkha)
Romani: dukh
→ Bengali: দুঃখ (dukkho)
→ Bikol Central: dukha
→ Hindi: दुःख (duḥkh)
→ Kannada: ದುಃಖ (duḥkha)
→ Malayalam: ദുഃഖം (duḥkhaṁ)
→ Marathi: दुःख (duḥkha)
→ Nepali: दुःख (duḥkha)
→ Pali: dukkha
- → Malay: duka
- → Burmese: ဒုက္ခ (dukhka.)
- → English: dukkha
- → Thai: ทุกข์ (túk)
- → Khmer: ទុក្ខ (tuk)
- → Tagalog: dukhâ
→ Tagalog: dukha
⇒ Hindi: दुख (dukh)
⇒ Urdu: دکھ (dukh)
→ Tamil: துக்கம் (tukkam)
→ Telugu: దుఃఖము (duḥkhamu)

Adjective

दुःख • (duḥkhá)

painful, uncomfortable, uneasy, difficult

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