ज्येष्ठ

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭha).

Pronunciation
  • (Delhi Hindi) IPA(key): /d͡ʒjeːʂʈʰ/

Proper noun

ज्येष्ठ • (jyeṣṭh) m

  1. Jyeshth (third month of the Hindu lunar calendar)

Declension
Declension of ज्येष्ठ (masc cons-stem)
singular plural
direct ज्येष्ठ
jyeṣṭh		 ज्येष्ठ
jyeṣṭh
oblique ज्येष्ठ
jyeṣṭh		 ज्येष्ठों
jyeṣṭhõ
vocative ज्येष्ठ
jyeṣṭh		 ज्येष्ठो
jyeṣṭho

Adjective

ज्येष्ठ • (jyeṣṭh) (indeclinable)

  1. chief, supreme

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit ज्येष्ठ (jyeṣṭha).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [d͡zjes̠t̠ʰʌ]
  • Phonetic Devanagari: ज्येस्ठ

Proper noun

ज्येष्ठ • (jyeṣṭha)

  1. Jyeshth
    1. the second month in the Vikram Samvat calendar
    2. the third month in the lunar Hindu calendar
    Synonym: जेठ (jeṭh)

Further reading
  • “ज्येष्ठ”, in नेपाली बृहत् शब्दकोश (nepālī br̥hat śabdakoś) [Comprehensive Nepali Dictionary]‎, Kathmandu: Nepal Academy, 2018
  • Schmidt, Ruth L. (1993) “जेठ”, in A Practical Dictionary of Modern Nepali, Ratna Sagar

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
  • জ্যেষ্ঠ (Assamese script)
  • ᬚ᭄ᬬᬾᬱ᭄ᬞ (Balinese script)
  • জ্যেষ্ঠ (Bengali script)
  • 𑰕𑰿𑰧𑰸𑰬𑰿𑰙 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀚𑁆𑀬𑁂𑀱𑁆𑀞 (Brahmi script)
  • ဇျေၑ္ဌ (Burmese script)
  • જ્યેષ્ઠ (Gujarati script)
  • ਜ੍ਯੇਸ਼੍ਠ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌜𑍍𑌯𑍇𑌷𑍍𑌠 (Grantha script)
  • ꦗꦾꦺꦰ꧀ꦜ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂔𑂹𑂨𑂵𑂭𑂹𑂘 (Kaithi script)
  • ಜ್ಯೇಷ್ಠ (Kannada script)
  • ជ្យេឞ្ឋ (Khmer script)
  • ຊ຺ເຍຩ຺ຐ (Lao script)
  • ജ്യേഷ്ഠ (Malayalam script)
  • ᡯᠶᡝᢢᡱᠠ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘕𑘿𑘧𑘹𑘬𑘿𑘙 (Modi script)
  • ᠽᠶ᠋ᠧᢔᢍᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑦵𑧠𑧇𑧚𑧌𑧠𑦹 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐖𑑂𑐫𑐾𑐲𑑂𑐛 (Newa script)
  • ଜ୍ଯେଷ୍ଠ (Odia script)
  • ꢙ꣄ꢫꢾꢰ꣄ꢝ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆘𑇀𑆪𑆼𑆰𑇀𑆜 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖕𑖿𑖧𑖸𑖬𑖿𑖙 (Siddham script)
  • ජ්‍යෙෂ‍්ඨ (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩣 𑪙𑩻𑩔𑪀 𑪙𑩧 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚑𑚶𑚣𑚲𑚶𑚕 (Takri script)
  • ஜ்யேஷ்ட² (Tamil script)
  • జ్యేష్ఠ (Telugu script)
  • ชฺเยษฺฐ (Thai script)
  • ཛྱེ་ཥྛ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒖𑓂𑒨𑒹𑒭𑓂𑒚 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨥𑩇𑨪𑨄𑨯𑩇𑨕 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Superlative of ज्या (jyā, “to overpower, defeat, oppress”), itself from the root जि (ji, “to conquer”).

Pronunciation

Adjective

ज्येष्ठ • (jyéṣṭha, jyeṣṭhá)

  1. most excellent, pre-eminent, first, chief, best, greatest

Noun

ज्येष्ठ • (jyéṣṭha) stem, m

  1. the eldest brother

Declension
Masculine a-stem declension of ज्येष्ठ (jyéṣṭha)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative ज्येष्ठः
jyéṣṭhaḥ		 ज्येष्ठौ / ज्येष्ठा¹
jyéṣṭhau / jyéṣṭhā¹		 ज्येष्ठाः / ज्येष्ठासः¹
jyéṣṭhāḥ / jyéṣṭhāsaḥ¹
Vocative ज्येष्ठ
jyéṣṭha		 ज्येष्ठौ / ज्येष्ठा¹
jyéṣṭhau / jyéṣṭhā¹		 ज्येष्ठाः / ज्येष्ठासः¹
jyéṣṭhāḥ / jyéṣṭhāsaḥ¹
Accusative ज्येष्ठम्
jyéṣṭham		 ज्येष्ठौ / ज्येष्ठा¹
jyéṣṭhau / jyéṣṭhā¹		 ज्येष्ठान्
jyéṣṭhān
Instrumental ज्येष्ठेन
jyéṣṭhena		 ज्येष्ठाभ्याम्
jyéṣṭhābhyām		 ज्येष्ठैः / ज्येष्ठेभिः¹
jyéṣṭhaiḥ / jyéṣṭhebhiḥ¹
Dative ज्येष्ठाय
jyéṣṭhāya		 ज्येष्ठाभ्याम्
jyéṣṭhābhyām		 ज्येष्ठेभ्यः
jyéṣṭhebhyaḥ
Ablative ज्येष्ठात्
jyéṣṭhāt		 ज्येष्ठाभ्याम्
jyéṣṭhābhyām		 ज्येष्ठेभ्यः
jyéṣṭhebhyaḥ
Genitive ज्येष्ठस्य
jyéṣṭhasya		 ज्येष्ठयोः
jyéṣṭhayoḥ		 ज्येष्ठानाम्
jyéṣṭhānām
Locative ज्येष्ठे
jyéṣṭhe		 ज्येष्ठयोः
jyéṣṭhayoḥ		 ज्येष्ठेषु
jyéṣṭheṣu
Notes
  • ¹Vedic

Proper noun

ज्येष्ठ • (jyeṣṭha) stem, m

  1. the star Antares
  2. (Hinduism) Third month of the Hindu lunar calendar

Descendants
Descendants
  • Dardic:
    • Dameli: žē̆ṣṭa
    • Kalasha: ǰeṣṭǟṅguṛ, ǰeṣṭā́li, ǰeṣṭak
    • Kashmiri: زیُٹھُ (zyuṭhu), زٕٹھ (zụṭh)
    • Pashayi:
      • Northeast Pashayi: deṣṭo
      • Northwest Pashayi: dešti
      • Southeast Pashayi: ǰéṣṭā, deṣṭā́, ǰiṣṭī́
    • Phalura: جݜٹ (ǰεṣṭa)
    • Shumashti: dyḗiṣṭi
    • → Proto-Nuristani:
      • Ashkun: dištū, diṣṭu, dešte
      • Kalami: ǰeṣṭ, ǰištã
      • Prasuni: έštek, žišt
      • Waigali: duštö, dušt, deštēi
  • Pali: jeṭṭha
  • Prakrit: 𑀚𑁂𑀝𑁆𑀞 (jĕṭṭha), 𑀚𑀺𑀝𑁆𑀞 (jiṭṭha)
    • Central:
      • Sauraseni Prakrit:
        • Awadhi: जेठ (jeṭh)
        • Hindustani: jeṭh, jeṭhā, jeṭhī
          • Hindi: जेठ, जेठा, जेठी
          • Urdu: جیٹھ (jeṭh), جیٹھَہ (jeṭha), جیٹھِی (jeṭhī)
    • Eastern:
      • Magadhi Prakrit:
        • Assamese: জেঠ (zeth), জেঠা (zetha), জেঠী (zethi), জেঠাল (zethal), জেঠিয়ই (zethii)
        • Bihari: जेठरी (jeṭhrī)
        • Odia: ଜେଠ (jeṭhô)
    • Northern:
      • Khasa Prakrit:
        • Central Pahari:
          • Garhwali: जेठ (jeṭh)
          • Kumaoni: जेठो (jeṭho), जेठू (jeṭhū), ज्यठ (j̈yaṭh)
        • Eastern Pahari:
        • Western Pahari:
          • Bhadrawahi: जेठ (jeṭh), जेइठ (jeiṭh)
          • Churahi: जेठा (jeṭhā)
          • Pangwali: जेठा (jeṭhā)
    • Northwestern:
      • Paisaci Prakrit:
        • Takka Apabhramsa:
          • Punjabi: jeṭh, jeṭṭhā, jeṭhāl
            Gurmukhi script: ਜੇਠ, ਜੇੱਠਾ, ਜੇਠਾਲ
            Shahmukhi script: جیٹھ, جیٹّھَہ, جیٹھَال
            • Lahnda: جیٹھ (jeṭh), جیٹھہ (jeṭhā)
        • Vracada Apabhramsa:
          • Sindhi: j̄eṭhu
            Arabic script: ڄيٺ
            Devanagari script: ॼेठ
    • Southern:
      • Helu Prakrit:
        • Dhivehi: ދޮށި (doṣi), ދޮށީ (doṣī)
        • Sinhalese: දෙට (deṭa), දෙටි (deṭi), දෙටුවා (deṭuwā)
      • Maharastri Prakrit:
        • Marathi: जेठ (jeṭh), जेठा (jeṭhā)
    • Western:
      • Sauraseni Prakrit:

Borrowed terms

References
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