उदुम्बर

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

(Classical) उडुम्बर (uḍumbara)

Alternative scripts

উদুম্বৰ (Assamese script)
ᬉᬤᬸᬫ᭄ᬩᬭ (Balinese script)
উদুম্বর (Bengali script)
𑰄𑰟𑰲𑰦𑰿𑰤𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀉𑀤𑀼𑀫𑁆𑀩𑀭 (Brahmi script)
ဥဒုမ္ဗရ (Burmese script)
ઉદુમ્બર (Gujarati script)
ਉਦੁਮ੍ਬਰ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌉𑌦𑍁𑌮𑍍𑌬𑌰 (Grantha script)
ꦈꦢꦸꦩ꧀ꦧꦫ (Javanese script)
𑂇𑂠𑂳𑂧𑂹𑂥𑂩 (Kaithi script)
ಉದುಮ್ಬರ (Kannada script)
ឧទុម្ពរ (Khmer script)
ອຸທຸມ຺ພຣ (Lao script)
ഉദുമ്ബര (Malayalam script)
ᡠᡩᡠᠮᠪᠠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘄𑘟𑘳𑘦𑘿𑘤𑘨 (Modi script)
ᠤᢑᠤᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
𑦤𑦿𑧔𑧆𑧠𑧄𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
𑐄𑐡𑐸𑐩𑑂𑐧𑐬 (Newa script)
ଉଦୁମ୍ବର (Odia script)
ꢆꢣꢸꢪ꣄ꢨꢬ (Saurashtra script)
𑆇𑆢𑆶𑆩𑇀𑆧𑆫 (Sharada script)
𑖄𑖟𑖲𑖦𑖿𑖤𑖨 (Siddham script)
උදුම‍්බර (Sinhalese script)
𑩐𑩒𑩭𑩒𑩴 𑪙𑩲𑩼 (Soyombo script)
𑚄𑚛𑚰𑚢𑚶𑚠𑚤 (Takri script)
உது³ம்ப³ர (Tamil script)
ఉదుమ్బర (Telugu script)
อุทุมฺพร (Thai script)
ཨུ་དུ་མྦ་ར (Tibetan script)
𑒅𑒠𑒳𑒧𑓂𑒥𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
𑨀𑨃𑨛𑨃𑨢𑩇𑨠𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Unclear. Various etymologies have been proposed.

According to Przyluski (1926), it may be related to तुम्ब (tumba, “gourd, i.e. Lagenaria vulgaris, syn. of Benincasa hispida”), both coming from an Austroasiatic source, cf. Proto-Mon-Khmer *n(l)uuŋ ~ *n(l)uŋ (“gourd”), possibly through Proto-Khasic *dluŋ, whence Khasi klong (“bottle-gourd”) (Shorto, 2006).

Southworth (2005) rejects Przyluski's hypothesis and proposes a Dravidian etymology: the Sanskrit word is interpreted as an old compound of Proto-Dravidian *uttu (“date”) and Proto-Dravidian *mara (“tree”).

Some researchers (Mayrhofer, 1992) also have proposed an Indo-Aryan derivation. The first part of the word may reflect Sanskrit ऋदू (ṛdū), an element only found in compounds, which in Vedic texts is often identified with Sanskrit ऊर्जा (ūrjā, “sap, water”), while the second part is reasonably interpreted as Sanskrit बल (bala, “vigour, power”). Thus, the whole compound means “(that) which has a humid, juicy vigour”.

Noun

उदुम्बर • (udumbara) stem, m

the tree Ficus glomerata (AV., ŚBr., etc.)

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of उदुम्बर
Nom. sg.	उदुम्बरः (udumbaraḥ)
Gen. sg.	उदुम्बरस्य (udumbarasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	उदुम्बरः (udumbaraḥ)	उदुम्बरौ (udumbarau)	उदुम्बराः (udumbarāḥ)
Vocative	उदुम्बर (udumbara)	उदुम्बरौ (udumbarau)	उदुम्बराः (udumbarāḥ)
Accusative	उदुम्बरम् (udumbaram)	उदुम्बरौ (udumbarau)	उदुम्बरान् (udumbarān)
Instrumental	उदुम्बरेण (udumbareṇa)	उदुम्बराभ्याम् (udumbarābhyām)	उदुम्बरैः (udumbaraiḥ)
Dative	उदुम्बराय (udumbarāya)	उदुम्बराभ्याम् (udumbarābhyām)	उदुम्बरेभ्यः (udumbarebhyaḥ)
Ablative	उदुम्बरात् (udumbarāt)	उदुम्बराभ्याम् (udumbarābhyām)	उदुम्बरेभ्यः (udumbarebhyaḥ)
Genitive	उदुम्बरस्य (udumbarasya)	उदुम्बरयोः (udumbarayoḥ)	उदुम्बराणाम् (udumbarāṇām)
Locative	उदुम्बरे (udumbare)	उदुम्बरयोः (udumbarayoḥ)	उदुम्बरेषु (udumbareṣu)

Derived terms

औदुम्बर (audumbara)

Descendants

Ardhamagadhi Prakrit: 𑀉𑀉𑀁𑀩𑀭 (uuṃbara)
→ Classical Mongolian: ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠ (udumbara)
- Mongolian: удамбар (udambar), ᠤᠳᠤᠮᠪᠠᠷᠠ (udumbara)
→ Classical Newar: दुम्बर, दुबल
Magadhi Prakrit:
- Assamese: ডিমৰু (dimoru)
- Bengali: ডুমুর (ḍumur)
- Odia: ଡିମ୍ବିରି (ḍimbiri), ଡିମିରି (ḍimiri)
Maharastri Prakrit:
- Old Marathi: उंबर (uṃbara)
  - Marathi: उंबर (umbar)
→ Malayalam: ഉഡുംബരം (uḍumbaraṁ), ഉദുംബരം (udumbaraṁ)
→ Middle Chinese: 優曇跋 (MC 'juw dom bat); 優曇婆羅 (MC 'juw dom ba la), 優曇華 (MC 'juw dom hwae|xwae|hwaeH)
- Chinese: 優曇婆羅／优昙婆罗 (yōutánpóluó)
- → Japanese: 優曇華 (うどんげ, udonge)
- → Korean: 우담화 (udamhwa)
- → Vietnamese: ưu đàm thụ
Pali: uḍumbara
- → Khmer: ឧទុម្ពរ (ʼŏtŭmpôr)
- → Lao: ອຸທຸມພອນ (ʼu thum phǭn)
- → Thai: อุทุมพร
Sauraseni Prakrit:
- Old Gujarati:
  - Gujarati: ઊમરો (ūmaro), ઊંબરો (ū̃baro)
- Old Hindi:
  - Hindi: ऊमर (ūmar)
  - Hindi: डूमर (ḍūmar) (although perhaps a borrowing from Magadhi)
- Nepali: डुम्री (ḍumrī) (although perhaps a borrowing from Magadhi)
→ Tocharian B: udumbura

References

Monier Williams (1899) “उदुम्बर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 186/3.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 217.
Southworth, Franklin (2005) Linguistic Archaeology of South Asia, Routledge, →ISBN, page 74.

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