ܢܦܫܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
| Root |
|---|
| ܢ ܦ ܫ (n p š) |
| 3 terms |
Etymology
From Aramaic נַפְשָׁא (nap̄šā), from Proto-Semitic *napš-; compare Akkadian 𒍣 (napištum), Arabic نَفْس (nafs), Hebrew נֶפֶשׁ (néfesh), and Ugaritic 𐎐𐎔𐎌 (npš /napšu/).
Pronunciation
Noun
ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ • (nafšā) f sg (plural ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܹ̈ܐ (nafšātē))
- self (one individual’s personality, character, demeanor, or disposition)
- ܩܛܝܼܠ ܠܹܗ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ ― qṭīl lēh nafšēh ― He killed himself. [reflexive]
- ܚܙܹܐ ܠܝܼ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܝܼ ܒܢܵܘܪܵܐ. ― ḥzē lī nafšī b-nāwrā. ― I saw myself in the mirror. [reflexive]
- ܒܸܬ ܐܵܬܝܵܐ ܒܢܲܦ̮ܫܘܿܗ̇ ܐܸܕܠܲܝܠܹܐ. ― bit ātyā b-nafšōh idlaylē. ― She will come by herself tonight.
- breath (the act or process of breathing)
- ܡܨܹܐ ܗ݇ܘܵܐ ܠܝܼ ܕܫܵܡܥܹܢ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ ܕܪܲܚܵܛܵܐ ܡ̣ܢ ܒܵܬܪܝܼ.
- mṣē wā lī d-šāmˁēn nafšā d-raḥḥāṭā min bātrī.
- I could hear the breath of the runner behind me.
- psyche (the human mind as the central force in thought, emotion, and behavior of an individual)
- the same used before or after the noun with an enclitic pronoun attached to it
- ܡܛܹܐ ܠܗܘܿܢ ܒܝܵܘܡܵܐ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ ܗܲܪ ܐܲܝܟ݂ ܝܸܡܝܼ. ― mṭē lhōn b-yāwmā nafšēh har ayḵ yimī. ― They arrived on the same day as my mother.
- ܐܝܼܬ ܠܝܼ ܓ̰ܲܢܛܵܐ ܢܲܦ̮ܫܘܿܗ̇ ܒܓܵܘܢܵܐ ܐ݇ܚܹܪ݇ܢܵܐ. ― īt lī janṭā nafšōh b-gāwnā ḥēnā. ― I have the same bag in another color.
Inflection
| number | isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | |||
| m | f | ||||||
| singular | absolute | – | 1st person | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܝܼ (nafšī) |
ܢܲܦ̮ܫܲܢ (nafšan) | ||
| construct | ܢܦ̮ܸܫ (nfiš) |
2nd person | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܘܼܟ݂ (nafšūḵ) |
ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܟ݂ܝ (nafšāḵ) |
ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (nafšāwḵōn) | ||
| emphatic | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ (nafšā) |
3rd person | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ (nafšēh) |
ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܗ̇ (nafšāh) |
ܢܲܦ̮ܫܗܘܿܢ (nafšhōn) | ||
| plural | absolute | – | 1st person | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܝܼ̈ (nafšātī) |
ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܲܢ̈ (nafšātan) | ||
| construct | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ̈ (nafšāt) |
2nd person | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (nafšātūḵ) |
ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (nafšātāḵ) |
ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (nafšātāwḵōn) | ||
| emphatic | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܹ̈ܐ (nafšātē) |
3rd person | ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܘܼ̈ܗܝ (nafšātūh) |
ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (nafšātōh) |
ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܬܗ̈ܘܿܢ (nafšāthōn) | ||
Derived terms
- ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢܵܐ (nafšānā, “animate”)
- ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢܵܐܝܼܬ (nafšānāˀīt, “animately”)
- ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢܵܝܵܐ (nafšānāyā, “psychological”)
- ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܢܵܝܘܼܬܵܐ (nafšānāyūtā)
References
- “ܢܲܦ̮ܫܵܐ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, 2022 October 4 (last accessed)
- “ܢܲܦ̮ܫܹܗ”, in Sureth Dictionary, Association Assyrophile de France, 2022 October 4 (last accessed)
Classical Syriac
Etymology
From Proto-Semitic *napš-. Compare Akkadian 𒍣 (ZI /napištum/), Arabic نَفْس (nafs), Hebrew נֶפֶשׁ (nép̄eš), and Ugaritic 𐎐𐎔𐎌 (npš /napšu/).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [nafʃɑ(ʔ)]
Noun
ܢܦܫܐ • (nap̄šā) f (plural ܢܦܫܬܐ)
Inflection
declension of ܢܦܫܐ
| state | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| absolute | ܢܦܫ | ܢܦܫܢ |
| construct | ܢܦܫ | ܢܦܫܬ |
| emphatic | ܢܦܫܐ | ܢܦܫܬܐ |
| possessive forms | ||
| 1st c. sg. (my) | ܢܦܫܝ | ܢܦܫܬܝ |
| 2nd m. sg. (your) | ܢܦܫܟ | ܢܦܫܬܟ |
| 2nd f. sg. (your) | ܢܦܫܟܝ | ܢܦܫܬܟܝ |
| 3rd m. sg. (his) | ܢܦܫܗ | ܢܦܫܬܗ |
| 3rd f. sg. (her) | ܢܦܫܗ | ܢܦܫܬܗ |
| 1st c. pl. (our) | ܢܦܫܢ | ܢܦܫܬܢ |
| 2nd m. pl. (your) | ܢܦܫܟܘܢ | ܢܦܫܬܟܘܢ |
| 2nd f. pl. (your) | ܢܦܫܟܝܢ | ܢܦܫܬܟܝܢ |
| 3rd m. pl. (their) | ܢܦܫܗܘܢ | ܢܦܫܬܗܘܢ |
| 3rd f. pl. (their) | ܢܦܫܗܝܢ | ܢܦܫܬܗܝܢ |
Derived terms
- ܢܦܫܢܐ
- ܢܦܫܢܐܝܬ
- ܢܦܫܢܘܬܐ
- ܢܦܫܢܝܐ
- ܢܦܫܢܝܘܬܐ
References
- “npš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, p. 210a
- Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 346b-347a
- Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, p. 938a
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