ܓܫܘܫܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Etymology
| Root |
|---|
| ܓ ܫ ܫ (g š š) |
| 3 terms |
Inherited from Aramaic גָּשׁוֹשָׁא (gāšōšā), as a phono-semantic matching of Proto-Iranian *gáwšah (“ear”) through the verb ܓܵܝܹܫ (gāyēš, “to touch”); hence also the verb ܡܓܲܫܸܩ (mgaššiq, “to stare”), Imperial Aramaic 𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀 (gwškʾ /*gōšakā/, “a Persian official: spy”) and Old Armenian գուշակ (gušak, “spy”). Also present in Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gashósh) and borrowed into Arabic جَاسُوس (jāsūs) via Classical Syriac.
Noun
ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ • (gāšōšā) m sg (plural ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ (gāšōšē), feminine ܓܵܫܘܿܫܬܵܐ (gāšōštā))
Inflection
| number | isolated forms | with possessive pronouns | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| state | form | person | singular | plural | |||
| m | f | ||||||
| singular | absolute | – | 1st person | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܝܼ (gāšōšī) |
ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܢ (gāšōšan) | ||
| construct | ܓܵܫܘܿܫ (gāšōš) |
2nd person | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼܟ݂ (gāšōšūḵ) |
ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܟ݂ܝ (gāšōšāḵ) |
ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܘܟ݂ܘܿܢ (gāšōšāwḵōn) | ||
| emphatic | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܐ (gāšōšā) |
3rd person | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹܗ (gāšōšēh) |
ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܗ̇ (gāšōšāh) |
ܓܵܫܘܿܫܗܘܿܢ (gāšōšhōn) | ||
| plural | absolute | – | 1st person | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܝܼ̈ (gāšōšī) |
ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܢ̈ (gāšōšan) | ||
| construct | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܲܝ̈ (gāšōšay) |
2nd person | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼ̈ܟ݂ (gāšōšūḵ) |
ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܟ݂ܝ̈ (gāšōšāḵ) |
ܓܵܫܘܿܫܵܘ̈ܟ݂ܘܿܢ (gāšōšāwḵōn) | ||
| emphatic | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܹ̈ܐ (gāšōšē) |
3rd person | ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼ̈ܗܝ (gāšōšūh) |
ܓܵܫܘܿܫ̈ܘܿܗ̇ (gāšōšōh) |
ܓܵܫܘܿܫܗ̈ܘܿܢ (gāšōšhōn) | ||
Derived terms
- ܓܵܫܘܿܫܘܼܬ݂ܵܐ (gāšōšūṯā)
Classical Syriac
Etymology
From the root ܓ-ܫ-ܫ (ɡ-š-š) related to feeling touch, palpitating. Also present in Hebrew גָּשׁוֹשׁ (gāšṓš). Meanings of spying are well from a Middle Iranian descendant of Proto-Iranian *gáwšah (“ear”); compare Imperial Aramaic 𐡂𐡅𐡔𐡊𐡀 (gwškʾ /*gōšakā/, “a Persian official: spy”) and Old Armenian գուշակ (gušak, “spy”), and Arabic عَيْن (ʕayn, “spy”, literally “eye”) for like transferral of a body parts name to the name of a spy in Semitic.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ɡɑʃoʃɑ] (singular)
- IPA(key): [ɡɑʃoʃe] (plural)
Noun
ܓܫܘܫܐ • (gāšōšā) m (plural ܓܫܘܫܐ (gāšōšē), singular feminine counterpart ܓܫܘܫܬܐ (gāšōštā))
Inflection
| state | singular | plural |
|---|---|---|
| absolute | ܓܫܘܫ | ܓܫܘܫܝܢ |
| construct | ܓܫܘܫ | ܓܫܘܫܝ |
| emphatic | ܓܫܘܫܐ | ܓܫܘܫܐ |
| possessive forms | ||
| 1st c. sg. (my) | ܓܫܘܫܝ | ܓܫܘܫܝ |
| 2nd m. sg. (your) | ܓܫܘܫܟ | ܓܫܘܫܝܟ |
| 2nd f. sg. (your) | ܓܫܘܫܟܝ | ܓܫܘܫܝܟܝ |
| 3rd m. sg. (his) | ܓܫܘܫܗ | ܓܫܘܫܘܗܝ |
| 3rd f. sg. (her) | ܓܫܘܫܗ | ܓܫܘܫܝܗ |
| 1st c. pl. (our) | ܓܫܘܫܢ | ܓܫܘܫܝܢ |
| 2nd m. pl. (your) | ܓܫܘܫܟܘܢ | ܓܫܘܫܝܟܘܢ |
| 2nd f. pl. (your) | ܓܫܘܫܟܝܢ | ܓܫܘܫܝܟܝܢ |
| 3rd m. pl. (their) | ܓܫܘܫܗܘܢ | ܓܫܘܫܝܗܘܢ |
| 3rd f. pl. (their) | ܓܫܘܫܗܝܢ | ܓܫܘܫܝܗܝܢ |
Derived terms
- ܓܫܘܫܘܬܐ (gāšōšūṯā)
Descendants
- → Arabic: جَاسُوس (jāsūs)
References
- “gšwš”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
- Asatrian, Mushegh (2006) “Iranian Elements in Arabic: The State of Research”, in Iran and the Caucasus, volume 10, number 1, page 87
- Costaz, Louis (2002) Dictionnaire syriaque-français ∙ Syriac–English Dictionary ∙ قاموس سرياني-عربي, 3rd edition, Beirut: Dar El-Machreq, page 55a
- Payne Smith, Jessie (1903) A Compendious Syriac Dictionary Founded Upon the Thesaurus Syriacus of R. Payne Smith, D.D., Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 79b
- Sokoloff, Michael (2009) A Syriac Lexicon: A Translation from the Latin, Correction, Expansion, and Update of C. Brockelmann's Lexicon Syriacum, Winona Lake, Indiana, Piscataway, New Jersey: Eisenbrauns; Gorgias Press, pages 264b-265a