کتاب
Azerbaijani
Khalaj
Pashto
Etymology
From Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb, “book”), from the root ك ت ب (k-t-b), related to writing. Compare the Hebrew root כ־ת־ב (k-t-b).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /kɪt̪.ɑb/
- IPA(key): /ki.t̪ɑb/
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ki.ˈtɑːβ]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [kʰɪ.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [kʰi.t̪ʰɔ́ːb̥]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [kʰʲe.t̪ʰɒ́ːb̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [kʰi.t̪ʰɔ́b]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | kitāḇ |
Dari reading? | kitāb |
Iranian reading? | ketâb |
Tajik reading? | kitob |
Audio (Iran) (file)
Noun
Dari | کتاب |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | китоб |
کِتاب • (ketâb) (plural کتب (kotob) or کتابها (ketâb-hâ))
- book
- خیلی از این کتابها را خواندهام.
- xeyli az in ketâb-hâ râ xânde-am.
- I have read many of these books.
Declination
Possessive forms of کتاب (kitāb) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person singular (“my”) |
کتابم (kitābam) |
کتابهایم (kitāb-hā́yam) کتابایم △ (kitābā́ym) |
2nd person singular (“your”) |
کتابت (kitābat) |
کتابهایت (kitāb-hā́yat) کتابایت △ (kitābā́yt) |
3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) |
کتابش (kitābaš) کتابشِی △ (kitābšī) |
کتابهایش (kitāb-hā́yaš) کتابایش △ (kitābā́yš) |
1st plural (“our”) |
کتابمان (kitābimān) کتابما △ (kitābimā) |
کتابهایمان (kitāb-hā́yimān) کتابایما △ (kitābā́ymā) |
2nd plural (“your”) |
کتابتان (kitābitān) |
کتابهایتان (kitāb-hā́yitān) کتابایتان △ (kitābā́ytān) |
3rd plural (“their”) |
کتابشان (kitābišān) |
کتابهایشان (kitāb-hā́yišān) کتابایشان △ (kitābā́yšān) |
△ Colloquial. |
Possessive forms of کتاب (ketâb) | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
1st person singular (“my”) |
کتابم (ketâbam) |
کتابهایم (ketâb-hấyam) کتابهام، کتابام △ (ketâbấm) |
2nd person singular (“your”) |
کتابت (ketâbat) [Term?] △ (ketâbet) |
کتابهایت (ketâb-hấyat) کتابهات، کتابات △ (ketâbất) |
3rd person singular (“his, her, its”) |
کتابش (ketâbaš) [Term?] △ (ketâbeš) |
کتابهایش (ketâb-hấyaš) کتابهاش، کتاباش △ (ketâbấš) |
1st plural (“our”) |
کتابمان (ketâbemân) کتابمون △ (ketâbemun) |
کتابهایمان (ketâb-hấyemân) کتابهامون، کتابامون △ (ketâbấmun) |
2nd plural (“your”) |
کتابتان (ketâbetân) کتابتون △ (ketâbetun) |
کتابهایتان (ketâb-hấyetân) کتابهاتون، کتاباتون △ (ketâbấtun) |
3rd plural (“their”) |
کتابشان (ketâbešân) کتابشون △ (ketâbešun) |
کتابهایشان (ketâb-hấyešân) کتابهاشون، کتاباشون △ (ketâbấšun) |
△ Colloquial. |
Derived terms
- کتابخانه (ketâbxâne)
- کتابدار (ketâbdâr)
- کتابچه (ketâbče)
- کتابفروش (ketâb-foruš)
- کتابفروشی (ketâb-foruši)
Descendants
- → Assamese: কিতাপ (kitap)
- → Atong (India): kitap
- → Bengali: কিতাব (kitab)
- → Gujarati: કિતાબ (kitāb)
- → Old Hindi: कतेब (kateba)
- → Northern Luri: کتۋ (ketü)
- → Maithili:
- → Naga Pidgin: kitab
- → Nepali: किताब (kitāb, “book”), किताप (kitāp, “book”)
- Dzongkha: ཀི་ཏབ (ki tab, “book, notebook”)
- → Odia: କିତାବ (kitabô)
- → Old Punjabi: ਕਤੇਬ (kateba)
- → Sindhi:
- Arabic script: ڪِتابُ
- Devanagari script: किताबु
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [kut.ˈtɑːβ]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [kʰʊt̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [kʰʊt̪.t̪ʰɑ́ːb]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [kʰut̪.t̪ʰɔ́ːb̥]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [kʰot̪.t̪ʰɒ́ːb̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [kʰut̪.t̪ʰɔ́b]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | kuttāḇ |
Dari reading? | kuttāb |
Iranian reading? | kottâb |
Tajik reading? | kuttob |
Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian کتاب (kitāb), from Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb). First attested as Old Punjabi ਕਤੇਬ (kateba).
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian کتاب (kitāb), from Arabic كِتَاب (kitāb). Displaced Old Hindi कतेब (kateba), borrowed from the same term. Compare Punjabi کتاب (kitāb), Sindhi ڪِتابُ (kitābu).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /kɪ.t̪ɑːb/
Audio (PK) (file) - Rhymes: -ɑːb
Declension
Declension of کتاب | ||
---|---|---|
singular | plural | |
direct | کِتَاب (kitāb) | کِتَابیں (kitābẽ) |
oblique | کِتَاب (kitāb) | کِتَابوں (kitābõ) |
vocative | کِتَاب (kitāb) | کِتَابو (kitābo) |
Further reading
- “کتاب”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
- “کتاب”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.
- Qureshi, Bashir Ahmad (1971) “کتاب”, in Kitabistan's 20th Century Standard Dictionary, Lahore: Kitabistan Pub. Co.
- Platts, John T. (1884) “کتاب”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
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