عجم

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ع ج م (ʕ-j-m). The word عَجَم (ʕajam, non-Arabs) is from a pre-Islamic form أَعْجَم (ʔaʕjam), from the root ع ج م (ʕ-j-m), referring to people who speak unclearly (thus reflecting the same semantic evolution as Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, barbarian)).

Noun

عَجَم • (ʕajam) m (collective, singulative عَجَمِيّ m (ʕajamiyy), plural أَعْجَام (ʔaʕjām))

  1. non-Arabs (as foreigners or barbarians)
  2. (historical) Persians.
    Synonym: فُرْس (furs)

Usage notes

  • The affective value attributed to the word depends on the point of view of the user, and the historical period. For example, it had a markedly negative connotation during the Umayyad period, whereas it was often quite positive in the Abbasid period, when Iranians had much political and social influence.

Declension

Synonyms

Antonyms

Descendants

  • Gulf Arabic: عَيَم (ʕayam)
  • Azerbaijani: əcəm
  • Chagatai: عجم
    • Uyghur: ئەجەم (ejem)
    • Uzbek: ajam
  • Middle Armenian: աճամ (ačam)
  • Persian: عجم ('ajam)
    • Bengali: আজম (ajom)
    • Gujarati: અજમ (ajam)
    • Hindustani: ajam
      Hindi: अजम
      Urdu: عجم
    • Ottoman Turkish: عجم (acem)
      • Turkish: Acem
      • Albanian: axhem
      • Armenian: աճեմ (ačem), ա̈ջա̈մ (äǰäm)
    • Pashto: عجم
  • Swahili: Uajemi

Verb

عَجَمَ • (ʕajama) I, non-past يَعْجُمُ‎ (yaʕjumu)

  1. to bite, to chew
  2. to try, to test

Conjugation

Verb

عَجَّمَ • (ʕajjama) II, non-past يُعَجِّمُ‎ (yuʕajjimu)

  1. to point the text, to write distinguishing marks to it

Conjugation

Noun

عَجْم • (ʕajm) m

  1. verbal noun of عَجَمَ (ʕajama) (form I)

Declension

Noun

عَجَم • (ʕajam) m (collective, singulative عَجَمَة f (ʕajama))

  1. stones, kernels, pits, pips, fruit seeds

Declension

References

Azerbaijani

Noun

عجم

  1. Arabic spelling of əcəm

Proper noun

عجم

  1. Arabic spelling of Əcəm

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian عَجَم sg (ʿajam /⁠ʾajam⁠/, an Ajam, a Persian), from Arabic اَلْعَجَمُ m (al-ʕajamu, the Ajams, the Persians, definite nominative collective), which is related to أَعْجَمٌ m sg (ʔaʕjamun, indefinite nominative adjective).

Noun

عجم • (Acem)

  1. an Ajam, a Persian

Descendants

  • Turkish: Acem
  • Albanian: axhem
  • Armenian: աճեմ (ačem), ա̈ջա̈մ (äǰäm)

Persian

Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic عَجَم (ʕajam, non-Arab, Persian).

Pronunciation

 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʔä.d͡ʒäm]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʔä.d͡ʒäm]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʔä.d͡ʒäm]

Readings
Classical reading? ajam
Dari reading? ajam
Iranian reading? ajam
Tajik reading? ajam

Noun

عجم • ('ajam)

  1. Persian; Iranian; Ajam

Proper noun

عجم • ('ajam)

  1. Iran; Persia
    Synonym: ایران (irân)
    • c. 1010, Abū'l-Qāsim Firdawsī, شاهنامه [Shāhnāma]:
      بسی رنج بردم در این سال سی
      عجم زنده کردم بدین پارسی
      basê ranj burdam dar în sâl sî
      ajam zinda kardam bad-în pârsî
      Much toil have I borne in these thirty years,
      I have revived Persia with this Persian [work].
      (Classical Persian transliteration)
    • c. 1542, Jamālī Dihlawī, مثنوی مهر و ماه [Masnavī-yi mihr u māh]:
      ز بعد مکه سیرم در عجم بود
      ولی بی هند خاطر می نیاسود
      ze ba'd-i makka sayr-am dar ajam bûd
      walî bê hind xâtir mê nay-âsûd
      After Mecca, my journey was in Iran
      But without India, my heart found no rest.
      (Classical Persian transliteration)

Descendants

  • Bengali: আজম (ajom)
  • Gujarati: અજમ (ajam)
  • Hindustani: ajam
    Hindi: अजम
    Urdu: عجم
  • Ottoman Turkish: عجم (acem)
    • Turkish: Acem
    • Albanian: axhem
    • Armenian: աճեմ (ačem), ա̈ջա̈մ (äǰäm)
  • Pashto: عجم
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