ضل

See also: صل

Arabic

Root
ض ل ل (ḍ-l-l)

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dˤal.la/

Verb

ضَلَّ • (ḍalla) I, non-past يَضِلُّ‎ (yaḍillu)

to go astray, to err, to lose
Antonym: اِهْتَدَى (ihtadā)

ضَلَّ عَنِ الطَّرِيقِ. / ضَلَّ الطَّرِيقَ.
ḍalla ʕani ṭ-ṭarīqi. / ḍalla aṭ-ṭarīqa.
He went astray from the way.
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 1:7:
  صِرٰطَ ٱلَّذِينَ أَنْعَمْتَ عَلَيْهِمْ غَيْرِ ٱلْمَغْضُوبِ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَا ٱلضَّالِّينَ
  ṣirāṭa llaḏīna ʔanʕamta ʕalayhim ḡayri l-maḡḍūbi ʕalayhim walā ḍ-ḍāllīna
  The path of those upon whom You have bestowed favor, not of those who have evoked [Your] anger or of those who are astray

Conjugation

Conjugation of

ضَلَّ

(form-I geminate, verbal nouns ضَلّ or ضَلَال or ضَلَالَة)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر					ضَلّ or ضَلَال or ضَلَالَة ḍall or ḍalāl or ḍalāla
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					ضَالّ ḍāll
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَضْلُول maḍlūl
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ضَلَلْتُ ḍalaltu	ضَلَلْتَ ḍalalta	ضَلَّ ḍalla	ضَلَلْتُمَا ḍalaltumā	ضَلَّا ḍallā	ضَلَلْنَا ḍalalnā	ضَلَلْتُمْ ḍalaltum	ضَلُّوا ḍallū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	ضَلَلْتُ ḍalaltu	ضَلَلْتِ ḍalalti	ضَلَّتْ ḍallat	ضَلَلْتُمَا ḍalaltumā	ضَلَّتَا ḍallatā	ضَلَلْنَا ḍalalnā	ضَلَلْتُنَّ ḍalaltunna	ضَلَلْنَ ḍalalna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أَضِلُّ ʔaḍillu	تَضِلُّ taḍillu	يَضِلُّ yaḍillu	تَضِلَّانِ taḍillāni	يَضِلَّانِ yaḍillāni	نَضِلُّ naḍillu	تَضِلُّونَ taḍillūna	يَضِلُّونَ yaḍillūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أَضِلُّ ʔaḍillu	تَضِلِّينَ taḍillīna	تَضِلُّ taḍillu	تَضِلَّانِ taḍillāni	تَضِلَّانِ taḍillāni	نَضِلُّ naḍillu	تَضْلِلْنَ taḍlilna	يَضْلِلْنَ yaḍlilna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَضِلَّ ʔaḍilla	تَضِلَّ taḍilla	يَضِلَّ yaḍilla	تَضِلَّا taḍillā	يَضِلَّا yaḍillā	نَضِلَّ naḍilla	تَضِلُّوا taḍillū	يَضِلُّوا yaḍillū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَضِلَّ ʔaḍilla	تَضِلِّي taḍillī	تَضِلَّ taḍilla	تَضِلَّا taḍillā	تَضِلَّا taḍillā	نَضِلَّ naḍilla	تَضْلِلْنَ taḍlilna	يَضْلِلْنَ yaḍlilna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَضِلَّ or أَضِلِّ or أَضْلِلْ ʔaḍilla or ʔaḍilli or ʔaḍlil	تَضِلَّ or تَضِلِّ or تَضْلِلْ taḍilla or taḍilli or taḍlil	يَضِلَّ or يَضِلِّ or يَضْلِلْ yaḍilla or yaḍilli or yaḍlil	تَضِلَّا taḍillā	يَضِلَّا yaḍillā	نَضِلَّ or نَضِلِّ or نَضْلِلْ naḍilla or naḍilli or naḍlil	تَضِلُّوا taḍillū	يَضِلُّوا yaḍillū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تَضِلِّي taḍillī	تَضِلَّ or تَضِلِّ or تَضْلِلْ taḍilla or taḍilli or taḍlil	تَضِلَّا taḍillā	تَضِلَّا taḍillā		تَضْلِلْنَ taḍlilna	يَضْلِلْنَ yaḍlilna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		ضِلَّ or ضِلِّ or اِضْلِلْ ḍilla or ḍilli or iḍlil		ضِلَّا ḍillā			ضِلُّوا ḍillū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		ضِلِّي ḍillī		ضِلَّا ḍillā			اِضْلِلْنَ iḍlilna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	ضُلِلْتُ ḍuliltu	ضُلِلْتَ ḍulilta	ضُلَّ ḍulla	ضُلِلْتُمَا ḍuliltumā	ضُلَّا ḍullā	ضُلِلْنَا ḍulilnā	ضُلِلْتُمْ ḍuliltum	ضُلُّوا ḍullū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	ضُلِلْتُ ḍuliltu	ضُلِلْتِ ḍulilti	ضُلَّتْ ḍullat	ضُلِلْتُمَا ḍuliltumā	ضُلَّتَا ḍullatā	ضُلِلْنَا ḍulilnā	ضُلِلْتُنَّ ḍuliltunna	ضُلِلْنَ ḍulilna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُضَلُّ ʔuḍallu	تُضَلُّ tuḍallu	يُضَلُّ yuḍallu	تُضَلَّانِ tuḍallāni	يُضَلَّانِ yuḍallāni	نُضَلُّ nuḍallu	تُضَلُّونَ tuḍallūna	يُضَلُّونَ yuḍallūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُضَلُّ ʔuḍallu	تُضَلِّينَ tuḍallīna	تُضَلُّ tuḍallu	تُضَلَّانِ tuḍallāni	تُضَلَّانِ tuḍallāni	نُضَلُّ nuḍallu	تُضْلَلْنَ tuḍlalna	يُضْلَلْنَ yuḍlalna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُضَلَّ ʔuḍalla	تُضَلَّ tuḍalla	يُضَلَّ yuḍalla	تُضَلَّا tuḍallā	يُضَلَّا yuḍallā	نُضَلَّ nuḍalla	تُضَلُّوا tuḍallū	يُضَلُّوا yuḍallū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُضَلَّ ʔuḍalla	تُضَلِّي tuḍallī	تُضَلَّ tuḍalla	تُضَلَّا tuḍallā	تُضَلَّا tuḍallā	نُضَلَّ nuḍalla	تُضْلَلْنَ tuḍlalna	يُضْلَلْنَ yuḍlalna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُضَلَّ or أُضَلِّ or أُضْلَلْ ʔuḍalla or ʔuḍalli or ʔuḍlal	تُضَلَّ or تُضَلِّ or تُضْلَلْ tuḍalla or tuḍalli or tuḍlal	يُضَلَّ or يُضَلِّ or يُضْلَلْ yuḍalla or yuḍalli or yuḍlal	تُضَلَّا tuḍallā	يُضَلَّا yuḍallā	نُضَلَّ or نُضَلِّ or نُضْلَلْ nuḍalla or nuḍalli or nuḍlal	تُضَلُّوا tuḍallū	يُضَلُّوا yuḍallū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f		تُضَلِّي tuḍallī	تُضَلَّ or تُضَلِّ or تُضْلَلْ tuḍalla or tuḍalli or tuḍlal	تُضَلَّا tuḍallā	تُضَلَّا tuḍallā		تُضْلَلْنَ tuḍlalna	يُضْلَلْنَ yuḍlalna

References

Wehr, Hans (1979) “ضل”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN

Noun

ضَلّ • (ḍall) m

verbal noun of ضَلَّ (ḍalla) (form I)

Declension

Declension of noun ضَلّ (ḍall)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	ضَلّ ḍall	الضَّلّ aḍ-ḍall	ضَلّ ḍall
Nominative	ضَلٌّ ḍallun	الضَّلُّ aḍ-ḍallu	ضَلُّ ḍallu
Accusative	ضَلًّا ḍallan	الضَّلَّ aḍ-ḍalla	ضَلَّ ḍalla
Genitive	ضَلٍّ ḍallin	الضَّلِّ aḍ-ḍalli	ضَلِّ ḍalli

Moroccan Arabic

Root
ض ل ل
3 terms

Etymology

From Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dˤall/
Audio (file)

Noun

ضل • (ḍall) m (plural ضلول (ḍlūl) or ضلال (ḍlāl))

shadow
Synonym: خيال (ḵyāl)

North Levantine Arabic

Etymology

From Arabic ظَلَّ (ẓalla).

Verb

ضل • (ḍall) (nonpast يضَلّ (yḍall))

(intransitive) to stay, to remain
Synonym: بِقِي (biʔi)

ضَلَّيْت بِالبَيْت
ḍallēt bil-bēt
I stayed home.
to keep doing (construed with either a present-progressive participle, عَم (ʕam), or a subjunctive verb)
هو ضل يحكي ونحنا ضلينا ماشيين
huwwe ḍall yiḥki w-niḥna ḍallēna māšyīn
He kept talking and we kept walking.

Usage notes

Uniquely, this verb can also be conjugated by substituting a matching object pronoun for the normal ending of a given conjugation. For example, ضَلّْ (ḍall, “he stayed”), ضَلَّيْتُوا (ḍallaytu, “you stayed”, plural you), بِيضَلُّوا (biḍallu, “they stay”), and ضَلِّي (ḍalli, “stay!”, feminine imperative) can alternatively be ضَلُّه (ḍallo, “he stayed”), ضَلَّيْتْكُن (ḍallaytkun, “you stayed”, plural you), بِيضَلّْهُن (biḍall(h)un, “they stay”), and ضَلِّك (ḍallik, “stay!”, feminine imperative). The conjugation ضَلَّيْنَا (ḍallayna, “we stayed”) looks the same in both paradigms.
For some speakers, the imperative is suppleted by one fashioned on خَلَّى (ḵalla, “to let be, to keep [as is]”). This suppletive form mandatorily uses object pronouns to conjugate: its singular forms use the base خَلِّيك (ḵallīk-). The plural can either be خَلُّوكُن (ḵallūkun, “stay!”, plural imperative) or خَلِّيكُن (ḵallīkun, “stay!”, plural imperative).

South Levantine Arabic

Root
ض ل ل
1 term

Etymology

From Arabic ظِلّ (ẓill).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /dˤall/, [dˤɑlˤ]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)

Verb

ضلّ • (ḍall) I (present بضلّ (biḍall), active participle ضايل (ḍāyil))

to stay, to remain
Synonym: بقي (biʔi)

إحنا رح نطلع، ما رح نضلّ ب البيت.
ʔiḥna raḥ niṭlaʕ, mā raḥ nḍall bil-bēt
We're going out, we're not going to stay at home.
(by extension, with enclitic determiner) to continue, to keep doing
قلت لّه ألف مرّة ما يضلّه يسبسب.
ʔult-illo ʔalf marra ma yḍallօ ysabsib
I told him a thousand times not to keep cursing.

ما تضلّك ش تسأل إذا عادي.
mā tḍallak-š tisʔal ʔiza ʕādi
Don't go on asking if it's OK.

Conjugation

Conjugation of ضلّ (ḍall)
		singular			plural
		1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person	1^st person	2^nd person	3^rd person
past	m	ضلّيت (ḍallēt)	ضلّيت (ḍallēt)	ضلّ (ḍall)	ضلّينا (ḍallēna)	ضلّيتو (ḍallētu)	ضلّو (ḍallu)
past	f	ضلّيت (ḍallēt)	ضلّيتي (ḍallēti)	ضلّت (ḍallat)	ضلّينا (ḍallēna)	ضلّيتو (ḍallētu)	ضلّو (ḍallu)
present	m	بضلّ (baḍall)	بتضلّ (bitḍall)	بضلّ (biḍall)	منضلّ (minḍall)	بتضلّو (bitḍallu)	بضلّو (biḍallu)
present	f	بضلّ (baḍall)	بتضلّي (bitḍalli)	بتضلّ (bitḍall)	منضلّ (minḍall)	بتضلّو (bitḍallu)	بضلّو (biḍallu)
subjunctive	m	اضلّ (aḍall)	تضلّ (tḍall)	يضلّ (yḍall)	نضلّ (nḍall)	تضلّو (tḍallu)	يضلّو (yḍallu)
subjunctive	f	اضلّ (aḍall)	تضلّي (tḍalli)	تضلّ (tḍall)	نضلّ (nḍall)	تضلّو (tḍallu)	يضلّو (yḍallu)
imperative	m		ضلّ (ḍall)			ضلّو (ḍallu)
imperative	f		ضلّي (ḍalli)			ضلّو (ḍallu)

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