شب
Arabic
Root |
---|
ش ب ب (š-b-b) |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʃab.ba/
Verb
شَبَّ • (šabba) I, non-past يَشِبُّ (yašibbu)
- to become a young adult, to grow up
- Synonym: بَلَغَ (balaḡa)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
شَبَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns شَبَاب or شَبِيب)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
شَبَاب or شَبِيب šabāb or šabīb | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šābb | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | شَبَبْتُ šababtu |
شَبَبْتَ šababta |
šabba |
شَبَبْتُمَا šababtumā |
شَبَّا šabbā |
شَبَبْنَا šababnā |
شَبَبْتُمْ šababtum |
شَبُّوا šabbū | |||
f | شَبَبْتِ šababti |
šabbat |
شَبَّتَا šabbatā |
شَبَبْتُنَّ šababtunna |
شَبَبْنَ šababna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔašibbu |
تَشِبُّ tašibbu |
yašibbu |
تَشِبَّانِ tašibbāni |
يَشِبَّانِ yašibbāni |
نَشِبُّ našibbu |
تَشِبُّونَ tašibbūna |
يَشِبُّونَ yašibbūna | |||
f | تَشِبِّينَ tašibbīna |
تَشِبُّ tašibbu |
تَشِبَّانِ tašibbāni |
تَشْبِبْنَ tašbibna |
يَشْبِبْنَ yašbibna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔašibba |
تَشِبَّ tašibba |
yašibba |
تَشِبَّا tašibbā |
يَشِبَّا yašibbā |
نَشِبَّ našibba |
تَشِبُّوا tašibbū |
يَشِبُّوا yašibbū | |||
f | تَشِبِّي tašibbī |
تَشِبَّ tašibba |
تَشِبَّا tašibbā |
تَشْبِبْنَ tašbibna |
يَشْبِبْنَ yašbibna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔašibba or ʔašibbi or ʔašbib |
tašibba or tašibbi or tašbib |
yašibba or yašibbi or yašbib |
تَشِبَّا tašibbā |
يَشِبَّا yašibbā |
نَشِبَّ or نَشِبِّ or نَشْبِبْ našibba or našibbi or našbib |
تَشِبُّوا tašibbū |
يَشِبُّوا yašibbū | |||
f | تَشِبِّي tašibbī |
tašibba or tašibbi or tašbib |
تَشِبَّا tašibbā |
تَشْبِبْنَ tašbibna |
يَشْبِبْنَ yašbibna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | šibba or šibbi or išbib |
شِبَّا šibbā |
شِبُّوا šibbū |
||||||||
f | شِبِّي šibbī |
اِشْبِبْنَ išbibna |
Derived terms
- مَنْ شَبَّ عَلَى خُلُقٍ شَابَ عَلَيْهِ (man šabba ʕalā ḵuluqin šāba ʕalayhi, proverb)
Verb
شَبَّ • (šabba) I, non-past يَشِبُّ or يَشُبُّ (yašibbu or yašubbu)
- to be brisk, to be lively, to be sprightly
- to raise one's head (as when trying to reach or look at something), to stand on the tiptoes, to stretch up
- Synonym: اِشْرَأَبَّ (išraʔabba, “to raise one's head, to lift one's eyes, to look up”)
- 2018, وَجْدِيّ الْأَهْدَل, أرض المؤامرات السعيدة, Bayrūt: Nawfal / Hachette Antoine, →ISBN, page 47:
- كان هناك ولد صغير يتكلّم ويحاول أن يشبّ على أصابعه لينظر من النافذة.
- There was a small boy talking and trying to rear on his toes to look through the window.
- (of an animal, such as a horse) to raise the forelegs, to prance
Conjugation
Conjugation of
شَبَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns شِبَاب or شُبُوب or شَبِيب)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
šibāb or šubūb or šabīb | |||||||||||
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active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šābb | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | شَبَبْتُ šababtu |
شَبَبْتَ šababta |
šabba |
شَبَبْتُمَا šababtumā |
شَبَّا šabbā |
شَبَبْنَا šababnā |
شَبَبْتُمْ šababtum |
شَبُّوا šabbū | |||
f | شَبَبْتِ šababti |
šabbat |
شَبَّتَا šabbatā |
شَبَبْتُنَّ šababtunna |
شَبَبْنَ šababna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔašibbu or ʔašubbu |
تَشِبُّ or تَشُبُّ tašibbu or tašubbu |
yašibbu or yašubbu |
تَشِبَّانِ or تَشُبَّانِ tašibbāni or tašubbāni |
يَشِبَّانِ or يَشُبَّانِ yašibbāni or yašubbāni |
نَشِبُّ or نَشُبُّ našibbu or našubbu |
تَشِبُّونَ or تَشُبُّونَ tašibbūna or tašubbūna |
يَشِبُّونَ or يَشُبُّونَ yašibbūna or yašubbūna | |||
f | تَشِبِّينَ or تَشُبِّينَ tašibbīna or tašubbīna |
تَشِبُّ or تَشُبُّ tašibbu or tašubbu |
تَشِبَّانِ or تَشُبَّانِ tašibbāni or tašubbāni |
تَشْبِبْنَ or تَشْبُبْنَ tašbibna or tašbubna |
يَشْبِبْنَ or يَشْبُبْنَ yašbibna or yašbubna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔašibba or ʔašubba |
تَشِبَّ or تَشُبَّ tašibba or tašubba |
yašibba or yašubba |
تَشِبَّا or تَشُبَّا tašibbā or tašubbā |
يَشِبَّا or يَشُبَّا yašibbā or yašubbā |
نَشِبَّ or نَشُبَّ našibba or našubba |
تَشِبُّوا or تَشُبُّوا tašibbū or tašubbū |
يَشِبُّوا or يَشُبُّوا yašibbū or yašubbū | |||
f | تَشِبِّي or تَشُبِّي tašibbī or tašubbī |
تَشِبَّ or تَشُبَّ tašibba or tašubba |
تَشِبَّا or تَشُبَّا tašibbā or tašubbā |
تَشْبِبْنَ or تَشْبُبْنَ tašbibna or tašbubna |
يَشْبِبْنَ or يَشْبُبْنَ yašbibna or yašbubna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔašibba or ʔašibbi or ʔašbib or ʔašubba or ʔašubbi or ʔašbub |
tašibba or tašibbi or tašbib or tašubba or tašubbi or tašbub |
yašibba or yašibbi or yašbib or yašubba or yašubbi or yašbub |
تَشِبَّا or تَشُبَّا tašibbā or tašubbā |
يَشِبَّا or يَشُبَّا yašibbā or yašubbā |
نَشِبَّ or نَشِبِّ or نَشْبِبْ or نَشُبَّ or نَشُبِّ or نَشْبُبْ našibba or našibbi or našbib or našubba or našubbi or našbub |
تَشِبُّوا or تَشُبُّوا tašibbū or tašubbū |
يَشِبُّوا or يَشُبُّوا yašibbū or yašubbū | |||
f | تَشِبِّي or تَشُبِّي tašibbī or tašubbī |
tašibba or tašibbi or tašbib or tašubba or tašubbi or tašbub |
تَشِبَّا or تَشُبَّا tašibbā or tašubbā |
تَشْبِبْنَ or تَشْبُبْنَ tašbibna or tašbubna |
يَشْبِبْنَ or يَشْبُبْنَ yašbibna or yašbubna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | šibba or šibbi or išbib or šubba or šubbi or ušbub |
شِبَّا or شُبَّا šibbā or šubbā |
شِبُّوا or شُبُّوا šibbū or šubbū |
||||||||
f | شِبِّي or شُبِّي šibbī or šubbī |
اِشْبِبْنَ or اُشْبُبْنَ išbibna or ušbubna |
Verb
شَبَّ • (šabba) I, non-past يَشُبُّ (yašubbu)
- (transitive) to kindle, to inflame, to ignite (also figuratively, such as of war kindled)
- (intransitive, of a fire) to break out
- to raise, to lift; to heighten; to highlight, to intensify (also figuratively, and particularly if done with colours or when referring to physical qualities and attributes, such as beauty and attractiveness)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
شَبَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal noun شَبّ)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
šabb | |||||||||||
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active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
šābb | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَشْبُوب mašbūb | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | شَبَبْتُ šababtu |
شَبَبْتَ šababta |
šabba |
شَبَبْتُمَا šababtumā |
شَبَّا šabbā |
شَبَبْنَا šababnā |
شَبَبْتُمْ šababtum |
شَبُّوا šabbū | |||
f | شَبَبْتِ šababti |
šabbat |
شَبَّتَا šabbatā |
شَبَبْتُنَّ šababtunna |
شَبَبْنَ šababna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔašubbu |
تَشُبُّ tašubbu |
yašubbu |
تَشُبَّانِ tašubbāni |
يَشُبَّانِ yašubbāni |
نَشُبُّ našubbu |
تَشُبُّونَ tašubbūna |
يَشُبُّونَ yašubbūna | |||
f | تَشُبِّينَ tašubbīna |
تَشُبُّ tašubbu |
تَشُبَّانِ tašubbāni |
تَشْبُبْنَ tašbubna |
يَشْبُبْنَ yašbubna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔašubba |
تَشُبَّ tašubba |
yašubba |
تَشُبَّا tašubbā |
يَشُبَّا yašubbā |
نَشُبَّ našubba |
تَشُبُّوا tašubbū |
يَشُبُّوا yašubbū | |||
f | تَشُبِّي tašubbī |
تَشُبَّ tašubba |
تَشُبَّا tašubbā |
تَشْبُبْنَ tašbubna |
يَشْبُبْنَ yašbubna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔašubba or ʔašubbi or ʔašbub |
tašubba or tašubbi or tašbub |
yašubba or yašubbi or yašbub |
تَشُبَّا tašubbā |
يَشُبَّا yašubbā |
نَشُبَّ or نَشُبِّ or نَشْبُبْ našubba or našubbi or našbub |
تَشُبُّوا tašubbū |
يَشُبُّوا yašubbū | |||
f | تَشُبِّي tašubbī |
tašubba or tašubbi or tašbub |
تَشُبَّا tašubbā |
تَشْبُبْنَ tašbubna |
يَشْبُبْنَ yašbubna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | šubba or šubbi or ušbub |
شُبَّا šubbā |
شُبُّوا šubbū |
||||||||
f | شُبِّي šubbī |
اُشْبُبْنَ ušbubna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | شُبِبْتُ šubibtu |
شُبِبْتَ šubibta |
šubba |
شُبِبْتُمَا šubibtumā |
شُبَّا šubbā |
شُبِبْنَا šubibnā |
شُبِبْتُمْ šubibtum |
شُبُّوا šubbū | |||
f | شُبِبْتِ šubibti |
šubbat |
شُبَّتَا šubbatā |
شُبِبْتُنَّ šubibtunna |
شُبِبْنَ šubibna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔušabbu |
تُشَبُّ tušabbu |
yušabbu |
تُشَبَّانِ tušabbāni |
يُشَبَّانِ yušabbāni |
نُشَبُّ nušabbu |
تُشَبُّونَ tušabbūna |
يُشَبُّونَ yušabbūna | |||
f | تُشَبِّينَ tušabbīna |
تُشَبُّ tušabbu |
تُشَبَّانِ tušabbāni |
تُشْبَبْنَ tušbabna |
يُشْبَبْنَ yušbabna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔušabba |
تُشَبَّ tušabba |
yušabba |
تُشَبَّا tušabbā |
يُشَبَّا yušabbā |
نُشَبَّ nušabba |
تُشَبُّوا tušabbū |
يُشَبُّوا yušabbū | |||
f | تُشَبِّي tušabbī |
تُشَبَّ tušabba |
تُشَبَّا tušabbā |
تُشْبَبْنَ tušbabna |
يُشْبَبْنَ yušbabna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔušabba or ʔušabbi or ʔušbab |
tušabba or tušabbi or tušbab |
yušabba or yušabbi or yušbab |
تُشَبَّا tušabbā |
يُشَبَّا yušabbā |
نُشَبَّ or نُشَبِّ or نُشْبَبْ nušabba or nušabbi or nušbab |
تُشَبُّوا tušabbū |
يُشَبُّوا yušabbū | |||
f | تُشَبِّي tušabbī |
tušabba or tušabbi or tušbab |
تُشَبَّا tušabbā |
تُشْبَبْنَ tušbabna |
يُشْبَبْنَ yušbabna |
Declension
Declension
Declension of noun شَبّ (šabb)
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَبّ šabb |
الشَّبّ aš-šabb |
شَبّ šabb |
Nominative | شَبٌّ šabbun |
الشَّبُّ aš-šabbu |
شَبُّ šabbu |
Accusative | شَبًّا šabban |
الشَّبَّ aš-šabba |
شَبَّ šabba |
Genitive | شَبٍّ šabbin |
الشَّبِّ aš-šabbi |
شَبِّ šabbi |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَبَّة šabba |
الشَّبَّة aš-šabba |
شَبَّة šabbat |
Nominative | شَبَّةٌ šabbatun |
الشَّبَّةُ aš-šabbatu |
شَبَّةُ šabbatu |
Accusative | شَبَّةً šabbatan |
الشَّبَّةَ aš-šabbata |
شَبَّةَ šabbata |
Genitive | شَبَّةٍ šabbatin |
الشَّبَّةِ aš-šabbati |
شَبَّةِ šabbati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | شَبَّتَيْن šabbatayn |
الشَّبَّتَيْن aš-šabbatayn |
شَبَّتَيْ šabbatay |
Nominative | شَبَّتَانِ šabbatāni |
الشَّبَّتَانِ aš-šabbatāni |
شَبَّتَا šabbatā |
Accusative | شَبَّتَيْنِ šabbatayni |
الشَّبَّتَيْنِ aš-šabbatayni |
شَبَّتَيْ šabbatay |
Genitive | شَبَّتَيْنِ šabbatayni |
الشَّبَّتَيْنِ aš-šabbatayni |
شَبَّتَيْ šabbatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | شَبَّات šabbāt |
الشَّبَّات aš-šabbāt |
شَبَّات šabbāt |
Nominative | شَبَّاتٌ šabbātun |
الشَّبَّاتُ aš-šabbātu |
شَبَّاتُ šabbātu |
Accusative | شَبَّاتٍ šabbātin |
الشَّبَّاتِ aš-šabbāti |
شَبَّاتِ šabbāti |
Genitive | شَبَّاتٍ šabbātin |
الشَّبَّاتِ aš-šabbāti |
شَبَّاتِ šabbāti |
Derived terms
- شَبّ اللَيْل (šabb al-layl, “marvel of Peru”)
Descendants
References
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “شب”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 386–387
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “شب”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1492–1493
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “شب”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, pages 627–628
North Levantine Arabic
Pronunciation
Usage notes
- The singular is restricted to males, the female equivalents being صبية (ṣabiyye) or بنت (bint). Predominantly, this restriction to the male sex also holds true for the plural, but not in all contexts. For example, when contrasting generations with each other, شباب (šabāb) may refer to the entire young generation. It is also possible to address a mixed group as يا شباب! (yā šabāb!).
- The masculine plural may be explicitly specified with the word صبيان (ṣibyān, ṣubyān), though this is less common because the form tends to mean “[young] boys”.
Noun
شب • (šabb) m (plural شباب (šabāb))
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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Persian
Etymology
PIE word |
---|
*kʷséps |
From Middle Persian [script needed] (LYLYA), [script needed] (šp /šab/), from Old Persian 𐎧𐏁𐎱 (xšap-), from Proto-Iranian *xšáfš, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kšáps, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷséps. Cognate of Sanskrit क्षप् (kṣap).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ʃaβ]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʃäb]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʃäw]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʃäw], [ʃeːw]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ʃæb̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ʃäb]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | šaḇ |
Dari reading? | šab |
Iranian reading? | šab |
Tajik reading? | šab |
audio (file)
Noun
Dari | شب |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | шаб |
شب • (šab) (plural شبها (šab-hâ) or شبان (šabân))
- night
- c. 1320, Amīr Khusraw Dihlavī, “Ghazal 3”, in دیوانِ امیرخسرو دهلوی [Divan of Amīr Khusraw]:
- شبت خوش باد و خواب مستیات سلطان و من هم خوش
شبی گرچه نیاری یاد بیداران شبها را- šab-at xwaš bād u xwāb-i mastī-yat sultān u man ham xwaš
šabē garči nay-ārī yād-i bēdārān-i šabhā rā - May your night and drunken sleep be happy, my sovereign! I am happy too,
Even though you will not remember (for even one night) those who stay awake during night [out of love for you].
- šab-at xwaš bād u xwāb-i mastī-yat sultān u man ham xwaš
- evening
Derived terms
South Levantine Arabic
Urdu
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ʃəb/
Audio (IN) (file) - Rhymes: -əb
Etymology 1
Borrowed from Classical Persian شب (šab). Cognate of Sanskrit क्षप् (kṣap).
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