سوار

Arabic

سِوَار

Etymology

Though Fraenkel assumed that the Arabic word is genuine and not a loan, likely a perhaps early loan from a byform of Aramaic שֵׁירָא / ܫܶܐܪܳܐ (šērā), see the exposure at ش ج ر (š-j-r). Juxtapose قُلْب (qulb, “bracelet”) for a Syriac loan. Compare also دُمْلُوج (dumlūj).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si.waːr/

Noun

سِوَار • (siwār) m (plural أَسْوِرَة (ʔaswira) or أَسَاوِر (ʔasāwir))

bracelet

Declension

Declension of noun سِوَار (siwār)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِوَار siwār	السِّوَار as-siwār	سِوَار siwār
Nominative	سِوَارٌ siwārun	السِّوَارُ as-siwāru	سِوَارُ siwāru
Accusative	سِوَارًا siwāran	السِّوَارَ as-siwāra	سِوَارَ siwāra
Genitive	سِوَارٍ siwārin	السِّوَارِ as-siwāri	سِوَارِ siwāri
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِوَارَيْن siwārayn	السِّوَارَيْن as-siwārayn	سِوَارَيْ siwāray
Nominative	سِوَارَانِ siwārāni	السِّوَارَانِ as-siwārāni	سِوَارَا siwārā
Accusative	سِوَارَيْنِ siwārayni	السِّوَارَيْنِ as-siwārayni	سِوَارَيْ siwāray
Genitive	سِوَارَيْنِ siwārayni	السِّوَارَيْنِ as-siwārayni	سِوَارَيْ siwāray
Plural	broken plural triptote in ـَة (-a)‎; basic broken plural diptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	أَسْوِرَة‎; أَسَاوِر ʔaswira‎; ʔasāwir	الْأَسْوِرَة‎; الْأَسَاوِر al-ʔaswira‎; al-ʔasāwir	أَسْوِرَة‎; أَسَاوِر ʔaswirat‎; ʔasāwir
Nominative	أَسْوِرَةٌ‎; أَسَاوِرُ ʔaswiratun‎; ʔasāwiru	الْأَسْوِرَةُ‎; الْأَسَاوِرُ al-ʔaswiratu‎; al-ʔasāwiru	أَسْوِرَةُ‎; أَسَاوِرُ ʔaswiratu‎; ʔasāwiru
Accusative	أَسْوِرَةً‎; أَسَاوِرَ ʔaswiratan‎; ʔasāwira	الْأَسْوِرَةَ‎; الْأَسَاوِرَ al-ʔaswirata‎; al-ʔasāwira	أَسْوِرَةَ‎; أَسَاوِرَ ʔaswirata‎; ʔasāwira
Genitive	أَسْوِرَةٍ‎; أَسَاوِرَ ʔaswiratin‎; ʔasāwira	الْأَسْوِرَةِ‎; الْأَسَاوِرِ al-ʔaswirati‎; al-ʔasāwiri	أَسْوِرَةِ‎; أَسَاوِرِ ʔaswirati‎; ʔasāwiri

References

Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 56
Freytag, Georg (1833) “سوار”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 374

Bulgar

Proper noun

سُوار (Suwâr)

the clan of Suar

References

Tekin, Talât (1988) Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎ (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, pages 190-191
ibn Fadlan, Ahmad (921-922) Ramazan Şeşen, transl., Ibn Fadlan Seyahatnamesi [Travel Book of Ibn Fadlan] (in Turkish), 2022 edition, İstanbul: Yeditepe, published 2010, →ISBN, page 35, ٤٢

Persian

Etymology

From Middle Persian ʾswbʾl, ʾsp̄wʾl (aswār, “horseman, rider”).

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [sa.ˈwɑːɾ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.wɑ́ːɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [sä.wɑ́ːɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [sä.wɔ́ːɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [sæ.vɒ́ːɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [sä.vɔ́ɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	sawār
Dari reading^?	sawār
Iranian reading^?	savâr
Tajik reading^?	savor

Noun

سوار • (sovâr, savâr) (plural سواران (sovâr, savârân))

horseman, rider
cavalryman
پادشاه‌ ارابه‌ها و سواران‌ را جمع کرد.

The king assembled cavalrymen and chariots
- Abulfazl Bayhaqi, edited by Ali-Akbar Fayyaz, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi, page 73:
  Hasan ordered to move the great emblem forward and attacked victoriously with hand-picked veteran cavalrymen.

Synonyms

سواره (savâre)

Antonyms

پیاده (piyâde)

Descendants

→ Bengali: সওয়ার (śoōẇar)
→ Gujarati: સવાર (savār)
→ Hindustani:
Hindi: सवार (savār)

Urdu: سوار (savār)
- → English: sowar
→ Kannada: ಸವಾರ (savāra)
→ Marathi: स्वार (svār)
→ Ottoman Turkish: سوار (süvar)
→ Punjabi:
Gurmukhi script: ਸਵਾਰ (savār)

Shahmukhi script: سوار (savār)

References

Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “سوار”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “aswār”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 13
Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2000) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 1, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 244

Urdu

Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian (sawār, “rider”), from Old Persian 𐎠𐎿𐎲𐎠𐎼 (a-s-b-a-r /⁠asabāra-⁠/, “horseman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hacwabāráh, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Haćwabʰāras.

Noun

سوار • (sawâr) m (Hindi spelling सवार)

rider, horseman

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