پیاده

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

From Persian پیاده (piyâde).

Noun

پیاده • (piyade)

  1. infantryman
    • 1891 September 14, “مدالیه [Medal]”, in Tarik:
      پیاده اوچنجی الایك دردنجی طابورینك برنجی بلوكنه منسوب رضا اونباشی‌یه تخلیص جان خصوصنده‌كی خدمتنه مكافاة تخلیصیه مدالیه‌سی عنایت و احسان بیورلمشدر.
      Piyade uçuncu alayın dördüncü taburının birinci bölüğüne mensub Rıza onbaşıya tahlis-i can hususındaki hizmetine mükâfat tahlisiye madalyası inayet ve ihsan buyurılmıştır.
      (please add an English translation of this quotation)
  2. pedestrian
  3. (chess) pawn
Synonyms
Descendants
  • Turkish: piyade
  • → Armenian: փիյատե (pʻiyate), փիյա̈դա̈ (pʻiyädä)

References
  • Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “piyade”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
  • Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), “piyade”, in The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

Etymology 2

From Venetian peata, from Ancient Greek πλάτη (plátē, “a type of flat boat”). Pronunciation merged with the word above. Compare modern Italian chiatta.

Noun

پیاده • (piyade)

  1. rowboat with one or a few pairs of oars, distinguished from a galley with many
Descendants
  • → French: biadé
  • → Greek: μπιαδές (biadés)
  • → Italian: biade

References
  • Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN
  • Kahane, Henry R., Kahane, Renée, Tietze, Andreas (1958) The Lingua Franca in the Levant: Turkish Nautical Terms of Italian and Greek Origin, Urbana: University of Illinois, § 498

Persian
Dari پیاده
Iranian Persian
Tajik пиёда

Etymology

From Middle Persian 𐭯𐭣𐭠𐭲𐭪' (pdʾtk' /⁠payādag⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *padātaka- / *padātika- (“on foot”), either from a compound of *pada- +‎ *taka-, the former component from Proto-Iranian *pā́dah (“foot”), the latter from Proto-Iranian *tač- (“to walk, flow”), from Proto-Indo-European *tekʷ- (“to run, flow”),[1] or from *padāti- +‎ *-kah, the former a secondary derivation from *pā́dah, the latter from Proto-Indo-Iranian *-kas (“deadjectival suffix, -ic”).[2] Compare russian пешка(peška) from proto-slavic *pědšь(on foot) + suffix *ka.

Pronunciation
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [pʰi.jɑː.d̪ä]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [pʰi.jɑː.d̪ä]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [pʰi.jɔː.d̪ä]

Readings
Classical reading? piyāḏa
Dari reading? piyāda
Iranian reading? piyâde
Tajik reading? piyoda
  • Audio(file)

Adverb

پیاده • (piyâde)

  1. on foot, pedestrian

Noun

پیاده • (piyâde) (plural پیاده‌ها (piyâde-hâ))

  1. pedestrian
  2. pawn (chess)

Derived terms
  • پیاده‌رو (piyâde-row)
  • پیاده‌نظام (piyâde-nezâm)
  • پیاده‌ شدن (piyâde-šodan)

Descendants

See also
Chess pieces in Persian · مهره‌های شطرنج (mohre-hâye šatranj) (layout · text)
♚ ♛ ♜ ♝ ♞ ♟
شاه (šâh) وزیر (vazir) رخ (rox),
قلعه (qal'e)		 فیل (fil) اسب (asb) پیاده (piyâde),
سرباز (sarbâz)

References
  1. Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 372-4
  2. Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 58
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