سرد
Arabic
Root |
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س ر د (s-r-d) |
Verb
سَرَدَ • (sarada) I, non-past يَسْرُدُ (yasrudu)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
سَرَدَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun سَرْد)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
sard | |||||||||||
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active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
sārid | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَسْرُود masrūd | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | سَرَدْتُ saradtu |
سَرَدْتَ saradta |
sarada |
سَرَدْتُمَا saradtumā |
سَرَدَا saradā |
سَرَدْنَا saradnā |
سَرَدْتُمْ saradtum |
سَرَدُوا saradū | |||
f | سَرَدْتِ saradti |
سَرَدَتْ saradat |
سَرَدَتَا saradatā |
سَرَدْتُنَّ saradtunna |
سَرَدْنَ saradna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أَسْرُدُ ʔasrudu |
تَسْرُدُ tasrudu |
يَسْرُدُ yasrudu |
تَسْرُدَانِ tasrudāni |
يَسْرُدَانِ yasrudāni |
نَسْرُدُ nasrudu |
تَسْرُدُونَ tasrudūna |
يَسْرُدُونَ yasrudūna | |||
f | تَسْرُدِينَ tasrudīna |
تَسْرُدُ tasrudu |
تَسْرُدَانِ tasrudāni |
تَسْرُدْنَ tasrudna |
يَسْرُدْنَ yasrudna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَسْرُدَ ʔasruda |
تَسْرُدَ tasruda |
يَسْرُدَ yasruda |
تَسْرُدَا tasrudā |
يَسْرُدَا yasrudā |
نَسْرُدَ nasruda |
تَسْرُدُوا tasrudū |
يَسْرُدُوا yasrudū | |||
f | تَسْرُدِي tasrudī |
تَسْرُدَ tasruda |
تَسْرُدَا tasrudā |
تَسْرُدْنَ tasrudna |
يَسْرُدْنَ yasrudna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَسْرُدْ ʔasrud |
تَسْرُدْ tasrud |
يَسْرُدْ yasrud |
تَسْرُدَا tasrudā |
يَسْرُدَا yasrudā |
نَسْرُدْ nasrud |
تَسْرُدُوا tasrudū |
يَسْرُدُوا yasrudū | |||
f | تَسْرُدِي tasrudī |
تَسْرُدْ tasrud |
تَسْرُدَا tasrudā |
تَسْرُدْنَ tasrudna |
يَسْرُدْنَ yasrudna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اُسْرُدْ usrud |
اُسْرُدَا usrudā |
اُسْرُدُوا usrudū |
||||||||
f | اُسْرُدِي usrudī |
اُسْرُدْنَ usrudna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | سُرِدْتُ suridtu |
سُرِدْتَ suridta |
surida |
سُرِدْتُمَا suridtumā |
سُرِدَا suridā |
سُرِدْنَا suridnā |
سُرِدْتُمْ suridtum |
سُرِدُوا suridū | |||
f | سُرِدْتِ suridti |
سُرِدَتْ suridat |
سُرِدَتَا suridatā |
سُرِدْتُنَّ suridtunna |
سُرِدْنَ suridna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | أُسْرَدُ ʔusradu |
تُسْرَدُ tusradu |
يُسْرَدُ yusradu |
تُسْرَدَانِ tusradāni |
يُسْرَدَانِ yusradāni |
نُسْرَدُ nusradu |
تُسْرَدُونَ tusradūna |
يُسْرَدُونَ yusradūna | |||
f | تُسْرَدِينَ tusradīna |
تُسْرَدُ tusradu |
تُسْرَدَانِ tusradāni |
تُسْرَدْنَ tusradna |
يُسْرَدْنَ yusradna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُسْرَدَ ʔusrada |
تُسْرَدَ tusrada |
يُسْرَدَ yusrada |
تُسْرَدَا tusradā |
يُسْرَدَا yusradā |
نُسْرَدَ nusrada |
تُسْرَدُوا tusradū |
يُسْرَدُوا yusradū | |||
f | تُسْرَدِي tusradī |
تُسْرَدَ tusrada |
تُسْرَدَا tusradā |
تُسْرَدْنَ tusradna |
يُسْرَدْنَ yusradna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُسْرَدْ ʔusrad |
تُسْرَدْ tusrad |
يُسْرَدْ yusrad |
تُسْرَدَا tusradā |
يُسْرَدَا yusradā |
نُسْرَدْ nusrad |
تُسْرَدُوا tusradū |
يُسْرَدُوا yusradū | |||
f | تُسْرَدِي tusradī |
تُسْرَدْ tusrad |
تُسْرَدَا tusradā |
تُسْرَدْنَ tusradna |
يُسْرَدْنَ yusradna |
Declension
Declension of noun سَرْد (sard)
Further reading
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “سرد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 307
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “سرد”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 1043a
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “سرد”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1346
- Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “سرد”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 490
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “سرد”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 474
Persian
Etymology
From Middle Persian slt' (/sard/, “cold”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ˈsaɾð]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [sǽɹd̪]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [sǽɹd̪]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [sǽɹd̪̥]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [sǽɹd̪̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [sǽɹd̪]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | sard |
Dari reading? | sard |
Iranian reading? | sard |
Tajik reading? | sard |
Audio (Iran): (file)
Adjective
Dari | سرد |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | сард |
سرد • (sard) (comparative سردتَر (sard-tar), superlative سردتَرین (sard-tarin))
- cold (of temperature)
- Antonym: گرم (garm, “warm”)
- c. 1260, Rumi, “3:3239”, in The Masnavi:
- دست و رو را شست و زان آب سرد.
- dast u ru-râ šost u zân âb-e sard.
- he washed his hands and face with that cold water.
- (figurative) unenthusiastic, lukewarm, discouraged
- Antonym: گرم (garm, “warm, enthusiastic”)
- (figurative) cold, bitter
- آه سرد ― âh-e sard ― bitter sigh
Derived terms
Further reading
- Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “سرد”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
Urdu
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Classical Persian سرد (sard), from Middle Persian slt' (sard).
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