رف
See also: رق
Arabic
Etymology 1
Disputed etymology:
- Natively from the root ر ف ف (r-f-f) in the sense of an outstretched wing being symbolic of protection, a coverlet; hence originally an awning or covering; semantically becoming a story or tier of a building as each window would feature such a cloth shelf above it. Parallel semantic conception found with Hebrew רפפות (“window shutters; a collection of layered thin strips”) and Western Neo-Aramaic ܪܦ (rap, “level, story; room, chamber”).
- Natively from the root ر ف ف (r-f-f) in the sense of stretching elbows out on a pillow or cushion, stemming from an outstretched wing; hence a place to place things, a place to spread things out on.
- From Aramaic found in its descendant Western Neo-Aramaic ܪܦ (rap, “level, story; room, chamber”) of uncertain etymology, but considered likely foreign or possibly even borrowed from Arabic; as for a foreign source possibly connected to Proto-Indo-European *h₁rebʰ-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /raff/
Audio (file)
Declension
Declension of noun رَفّ (raff)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | رَفّ raff |
الرَّفّ ar-raff |
رَفّ raff |
Nominative | رَفٌّ raffun |
الرَّفُّ ar-raffu |
رَفُّ raffu |
Accusative | رَفًّا raffan |
الرَّفَّ ar-raffa |
رَفَّ raffa |
Genitive | رَفٍّ raffin |
الرَّفِّ ar-raffi |
رَفِّ raffi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | رَفَّيْن raffayn |
الرَّفَّيْن ar-raffayn |
رَفَّيْ raffay |
Nominative | رَفَّانِ raffāni |
الرَّفَّانِ ar-raffāni |
رَفَّا raffā |
Accusative | رَفَّيْنِ raffayni |
الرَّفَّيْنِ ar-raffayni |
رَفَّيْ raffay |
Genitive | رَفَّيْنِ raffayni |
الرَّفَّيْنِ ar-raffayni |
رَفَّيْ raffay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | رُفُوف; أَرْفُف; رِفَاف rufūf; ʔarfuf; rifāf |
الرُّفُوف; الْأَرْفُف; الرِّفَاف ar-rufūf; al-ʔarfuf; ar-rifāf |
رُفُوف; أَرْفُف; رِفَاف rufūf; ʔarfuf; rifāf |
Nominative | رُفُوفٌ; أَرْفُفٌ; رِفَافٌ rufūfun; ʔarfufun; rifāfun |
الرُّفُوفُ; الْأَرْفُفُ; الرِّفَافُ ar-rufūfu; al-ʔarfufu; ar-rifāfu |
رُفُوفُ; أَرْفُفُ; رِفَافُ rufūfu; ʔarfufu; rifāfu |
Accusative | رُفُوفًا; أَرْفُفًا; رِفَافًا rufūfan; ʔarfufan; rifāfan |
الرُّفُوفَ; الْأَرْفُفَ; الرِّفَافَ ar-rufūfa; al-ʔarfufa; ar-rifāfa |
رُفُوفَ; أَرْفُفَ; رِفَافَ rufūfa; ʔarfufa; rifāfa |
Genitive | رُفُوفٍ; أَرْفُفٍ; رِفَافٍ rufūfin; ʔarfufin; rifāfin |
الرُّفُوفِ; الْأَرْفُفِ; الرِّفَافِ ar-rufūfi; al-ʔarfufi; ar-rifāfi |
رُفُوفِ; أَرْفُفِ; رِفَافِ rufūfi; ʔarfufi; rifāfi |
Descendants
Etymology 2
Root |
---|
ر ف ف (r-f-f) |
Conjugation
Conjugation of
رَفَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns رَفّ or رَفِيف)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
raff or rafīf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
rāff | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَرْفُوف marfūf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | rafaftu |
rafafta |
raffa |
رَفَفْتُمَا rafaftumā |
رَفَّا raffā |
rafafnā |
rafaftum |
raffū | |||
f | rafafti |
raffat |
رَفَّتَا raffatā |
rafaftunna |
rafafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔariffu |
tariffu |
yariffu |
تَرِفَّانِ tariffāni |
يَرِفَّانِ yariffāni |
nariffu |
tariffūna |
yariffūna | |||
f | tariffīna |
tariffu |
تَرِفَّانِ tariffāni |
tarfifna |
yarfifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔariffa |
tariffa |
yariffa |
تَرِفَّا tariffā |
يَرِفَّا yariffā |
nariffa |
tariffū |
yariffū | |||
f | tariffī |
tariffa |
تَرِفَّا tariffā |
tarfifna |
yarfifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔariffa or ʔariffi or ʔarfif |
tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
yariffa or yariffi or yarfif |
تَرِفَّا tariffā |
يَرِفَّا yariffā |
nariffa or nariffi or narfif |
tariffū |
yariffū | |||
f | tariffī |
tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
تَرِفَّا tariffā |
tarfifna |
yarfifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | riffa or riffi or irfif |
رِفَّا riffā |
riffū |
||||||||
f | riffī |
irfifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | ruffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yuraffu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yuraffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yuraffa or yuraffi or yurfaf |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Conjugation
Conjugation of
رَفَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal noun رَفّ)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
raff | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
rāff | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَرْفُوف marfūf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | rafaftu |
rafafta |
raffa |
رَفَفْتُمَا rafaftumā |
رَفَّا raffā |
rafafnā |
rafaftum |
raffū | |||
f | rafafti |
raffat |
رَفَّتَا raffatā |
rafaftunna |
rafafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaruffu or ʔariffu |
taruffu or tariffu |
yaruffu or yariffu |
تَرُفَّانِ or تَرِفَّانِ taruffāni or tariffāni |
يَرُفَّانِ or يَرِفَّانِ yaruffāni or yariffāni |
naruffu or nariffu |
taruffūna or tariffūna |
yaruffūna or yariffūna | |||
f | taruffīna or tariffīna |
taruffu or tariffu |
تَرُفَّانِ or تَرِفَّانِ taruffāni or tariffāni |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaruffa or ʔariffa |
taruffa or tariffa |
yaruffa or yariffa |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
يَرُفَّا or يَرِفَّا yaruffā or yariffā |
naruffa or nariffa |
taruffū or tariffū |
yaruffū or yariffū | |||
f | taruffī or tariffī |
taruffa or tariffa |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaruffa or ʔaruffi or ʔarfuf or ʔariffa or ʔariffi or ʔarfif |
taruffa or taruffi or tarfuf or tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
yaruffa or yaruffi or yarfuf or yariffa or yariffi or yarfif |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
يَرُفَّا or يَرِفَّا yaruffā or yariffā |
naruffa or naruffi or narfuf or nariffa or nariffi or narfif |
taruffū or tariffū |
yaruffū or yariffū | |||
f | taruffī or tariffī |
taruffa or taruffi or tarfuf or tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ruffa or ruffi or urfuf or riffa or riffi or irfif |
رُفَّا or رِفَّا ruffā or riffā |
ruffū or riffū |
||||||||
f | ruffī or riffī |
urfufna or irfifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | ruffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yuraffu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yuraffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yuraffa or yuraffi or yurfaf |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Verb
رَفَّ • (raffa) I, non-past يَرُفُّ or يَرِفُّ (yaruffu or yariffu)
- to serve diligently (لِ (li) someone)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
رَفَّ
(form-I geminate, verbal nouns رُفُوف or رَفِيف)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
rufūf or rafīf | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
rāff | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَرْفُوف marfūf | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | rafaftu |
rafafta |
raffa |
رَفَفْتُمَا rafaftumā |
رَفَّا raffā |
rafafnā |
rafaftum |
raffū | |||
f | rafafti |
raffat |
رَفَّتَا raffatā |
rafaftunna |
rafafna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaruffu or ʔariffu |
taruffu or tariffu |
yaruffu or yariffu |
تَرُفَّانِ or تَرِفَّانِ taruffāni or tariffāni |
يَرُفَّانِ or يَرِفَّانِ yaruffāni or yariffāni |
naruffu or nariffu |
taruffūna or tariffūna |
yaruffūna or yariffūna | |||
f | taruffīna or tariffīna |
taruffu or tariffu |
تَرُفَّانِ or تَرِفَّانِ taruffāni or tariffāni |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaruffa or ʔariffa |
taruffa or tariffa |
yaruffa or yariffa |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
يَرُفَّا or يَرِفَّا yaruffā or yariffā |
naruffa or nariffa |
taruffū or tariffū |
yaruffū or yariffū | |||
f | taruffī or tariffī |
taruffa or tariffa |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaruffa or ʔaruffi or ʔarfuf or ʔariffa or ʔariffi or ʔarfif |
taruffa or taruffi or tarfuf or tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
yaruffa or yaruffi or yarfuf or yariffa or yariffi or yarfif |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
يَرُفَّا or يَرِفَّا yaruffā or yariffā |
naruffa or naruffi or narfuf or nariffa or nariffi or narfif |
taruffū or tariffū |
yaruffū or yariffū | |||
f | taruffī or tariffī |
taruffa or taruffi or tarfuf or tariffa or tariffi or tarfif |
تَرُفَّا or تَرِفَّا taruffā or tariffā |
tarfufna or tarfifna |
yarfufna or yarfifna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | ruffa or ruffi or urfuf or riffa or riffi or irfif |
رُفَّا or رِفَّا ruffā or riffā |
ruffū or riffū |
||||||||
f | ruffī or riffī |
urfufna or irfifna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | ruffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yuraffu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yuraffa |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yuraffa or yuraffi or yurfaf |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Declension
References
- Fraenkel, Siegmund (1886) Die aramäischen Fremdwörter im Arabischen (in German), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 13
- Freytag, Georg (1833) “رف”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 170
- Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “رف”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et Cie, page 892
- Lane, Edward William (1863) “رف”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1115–1116
- Wehr, Hans (1979) “رف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 403
- Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “رف”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 483
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [ɾaf]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [räf]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [räf]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [räf]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [ɹæf]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [ɾäf]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | raf |
Dari reading? | raf |
Iranian reading? | raf |
Tajik reading? | raf |
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