دستور
Arabic
Noun
دُسْتُور • (dustūr) m (plural دَسَاتِير (dasātīr))
- (law, government) constitution
- rule, guideline
- set of rules
- action rule
- model
Declension
Declension of noun دُسْتُور (dustūr)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | دُسْتُور dustūr |
الدُّسْتُور ad-dustūr |
دُسْتُور dustūr |
| Nominative | دُسْتُورٌ dustūrun |
الدُّسْتُورُ ad-dustūru |
دُسْتُورُ dustūru |
| Accusative | دُسْتُورًا dustūran |
الدُّسْتُورَ ad-dustūra |
دُسْتُورَ dustūra |
| Genitive | دُسْتُورٍ dustūrin |
الدُّسْتُورِ ad-dustūri |
دُسْتُورِ dustūri |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | دُسْتُورَيْن dustūrayn |
الدُّسْتُورَيْن ad-dustūrayn |
دُسْتُورَيْ dustūray |
| Nominative | دُسْتُورَانِ dustūrāni |
الدُّسْتُورَانِ ad-dustūrāni |
دُسْتُورَا dustūrā |
| Accusative | دُسْتُورَيْنِ dustūrayni |
الدُّسْتُورَيْنِ ad-dustūrayni |
دُسْتُورَيْ dustūray |
| Genitive | دُسْتُورَيْنِ dustūrayni |
الدُّسْتُورَيْنِ ad-dustūrayni |
دُسْتُورَيْ dustūray |
| Plural | basic broken plural diptote | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | دَسَاتِير dasātīr |
الدَّسَاتِير ad-dasātīr |
دَسَاتِير dasātīr |
| Nominative | دَسَاتِيرُ dasātīru |
الدَّسَاتِيرُ ad-dasātīru |
دَسَاتِيرُ dasātīru |
| Accusative | دَسَاتِيرَ dasātīra |
الدَّسَاتِيرَ ad-dasātīra |
دَسَاتِيرَ dasātīra |
| Genitive | دَسَاتِيرَ dasātīra |
الدَّسَاتِيرِ ad-dasātīri |
دَسَاتِيرِ dasātīri |
Derived terms
- دُسْتُورِيّ (dustūriyy, “constitutional”)
Ottoman Turkish
Descendants
- Turkish: düstur
Persian
Etymology
Multiple origins have been proposed:
- From دست (dast, “hand”) and اور (ur, “fist”).
- From Proto-Iranian *dasta-bara-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́ʰástas (“hand”) + Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to bear, carry”).[1]
- Alternatively, from Proto-Iranian *danh- (“to teach, instruct”), from Proto-Indo-European *dens- (“to become skillful; to instruct, teach”), and cognate with Ancient Greek διδάσκω (didáskō, “to teach”) and Hittite [script needed] (dassu-, “strong”).[2]
Pronunciation
Audio (file)
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [das.tuːɾ]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d̪äs.t̪ʰuːɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [d̪äs.t̪ʰuːɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [d̪äs.t̪ʰuɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪æs.t̪ʰuːɹ]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪äs.t̪ʰuɾ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | dastūr |
| Dari reading? | dastūr |
| Iranian reading? | dastur |
| Tajik reading? | dastur |
Noun
| Dari | دستور |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | дастур |
دَسْتور • (dastur) (plural دستورها (dastur-hâ))
- command, order
- method, manner, procedure, way
- guideline, rule
- permission, leave, authority
- basis, foundation
- model, example, exemplar
- (law, government) constitution
- (archaic) statesman, vizier
- (linguistics) grammar (دستور زبان (dastur-e zabân))
- (Zoroastrianism) dastur
Derived terms
- دستوری (dasturi)
Descendants
- → Arabic: دُسْتُور (dustūr)
- → Bengali: দস্তুর (dostur)
- → English: dastur
- → Georgian: დასტური (dasṭuri)
- → Hindustani:
- → Kazakh: дәстүр (dästür)
- → Kurdish:
- Central Kurdish: دەستور (destur)
- Northern Kurdish: destûr
- → Middle Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)
- Armenian: դաստուր (dastur)
- → Ottoman Turkish: دستور (destur)
- → Punjabi: ਦਸਤੂਰ (dastūr)
References
- Rastorgujeva, V. S., Edelʹman, D. I. (2003) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 2, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 328
- Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 56-7
Further reading
- “DASTŪR”, in Encyclopædia Iranica, online edition, New York, 1994
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian دستور (dastūr).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /d̪əs.t̪uːɾ/
- Rhymes: -uːɾ
Noun
دَسْتُور • (dastūr) m (Hindi spelling दस्तूर)
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