حلم
See also: ح ل م
Arabic
Etymology
Root |
---|
ح ل م (ḥ-l-m) |
Akin to Aramaic חֶלְמָא (ḥelmā), Classical Syriac ܚܠܡܐ (ḥelmā), Hebrew חֲלוֹם (khalóm), Ugaritic 𐎈𐎍𐎎 (ḥlm). For the significations of the root in Arabic, compare م ن ي (m-n-y), whence أُمْنِيَة (ʔumniya, “a wish”) and مَنِيّ (maniyy, “a fluid considered conceptive; semen”).
Verb
حَلَمَ • (ḥalama) I, non-past يَحْلُمُ (yaḥlumu)
- (intransitive, transitive) to dream (something) or about [+ بِ (object)] (something) while asleep
- Synonyms: اِحْتَلَمَ (iḥtalama), رَأَى (raʔā)
- (intransitive) to experience the first seminal ejaculation
- Synonym: اِحْتَلَمَ (iḥtalama)
Conjugation
Conjugation of
حَلَمَ
(form-I sound, verbal nouns حُلْم or حُلُم)verbal nouns الْمَصَادِر |
ḥulm or ḥulum | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ḥālim | |||||||||||
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَحْلُوم maḥlūm | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ḥalamtu |
ḥalamta |
ḥalama |
حَلَمْتُمَا ḥalamtumā |
حَلَمَا ḥalamā |
ḥalamnā |
ḥalamtum |
ḥalamū | |||
f | ḥalamti |
ḥalamat |
حَلَمَتَا ḥalamatā |
ḥalamtunna |
ḥalamna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaḥlumu |
taḥlumu |
yaḥlumu |
تَحْلُمَانِ taḥlumāni |
يَحْلُمَانِ yaḥlumāni |
naḥlumu |
taḥlumūna |
yaḥlumūna | |||
f | taḥlumīna |
taḥlumu |
تَحْلُمَانِ taḥlumāni |
taḥlumna |
yaḥlumna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaḥluma |
taḥluma |
yaḥluma |
تَحْلُمَا taḥlumā |
يَحْلُمَا yaḥlumā |
naḥluma |
taḥlumū |
yaḥlumū | |||
f | taḥlumī |
taḥluma |
تَحْلُمَا taḥlumā |
taḥlumna |
yaḥlumna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaḥlum |
taḥlum |
yaḥlum |
تَحْلُمَا taḥlumā |
يَحْلُمَا yaḥlumā |
naḥlum |
taḥlumū |
yaḥlumū | |||
f | taḥlumī |
taḥlum |
تَحْلُمَا taḥlumā |
taḥlumna |
yaḥlumna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | uḥlum |
اُحْلُمَا uḥlumā |
uḥlumū |
||||||||
f | uḥlumī |
uḥlumna | ||||||||||
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | — | — | ḥulima |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | — | — | yuḥlamu |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | — | — | yuḥlama |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | — | — | yuḥlam |
— | — | — | — | — | |||
f | — | — | — | — | — |
Verb
حَلُمَ • (ḥaluma) I, non-past يَحْلُمُ (yaḥlumu)
- (intransitive, approving) to mature mentally or to be perceived as such; to act or think like an adult
- (intransitive, approving) to be gentle, forgiving, merciful, or lenient; to be mild-mannered
- (intransitive, approving) to restrain oneself or to be restrained or checked (especially emotionally and psychologically); to forbear, to refrain, to abstain, to withhold; to be long-suffering, to be patient or enduring; to mellow
Conjugation
Conjugation of
حَلُمَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun حِلْم)verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
ḥilm | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
ḥālim | |||||||||||
active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | ḥalumtu |
ḥalumta |
ḥaluma |
حَلُمْتُمَا ḥalumtumā |
حَلُمَا ḥalumā |
ḥalumnā |
ḥalumtum |
ḥalumū | |||
f | ḥalumti |
ḥalumat |
حَلُمَتَا ḥalumatā |
ḥalumtunna |
ḥalumna | |||||||
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع |
m | ʔaḥlumu |
taḥlumu |
yaḥlumu |
تَحْلُمَانِ taḥlumāni |
يَحْلُمَانِ yaḥlumāni |
naḥlumu |
taḥlumūna |
yaḥlumūna | |||
f | taḥlumīna |
taḥlumu |
تَحْلُمَانِ taḥlumāni |
taḥlumna |
yaḥlumna | |||||||
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | ʔaḥluma |
taḥluma |
yaḥluma |
تَحْلُمَا taḥlumā |
يَحْلُمَا yaḥlumā |
naḥluma |
taḥlumū |
yaḥlumū | |||
f | taḥlumī |
taḥluma |
تَحْلُمَا taḥlumā |
taḥlumna |
yaḥlumna | |||||||
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | ʔaḥlum |
taḥlum |
yaḥlum |
تَحْلُمَا taḥlumā |
يَحْلُمَا yaḥlumā |
naḥlum |
taḥlumū |
yaḥlumū | |||
f | taḥlumī |
taḥlum |
تَحْلُمَا taḥlumā |
taḥlumna |
yaḥlumna | |||||||
imperative الْأَمْر |
m | uḥlum |
اُحْلُمَا uḥlumā |
uḥlumū |
||||||||
f | uḥlumī |
uḥlumna |
Noun
حُلْم or حُلُم • (ḥulm or ḥulum) m (plural أَحْلَام (ʔaḥlām))
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حُلْم; حُلُم ḥulm; ḥulum |
الْحُلْم; الْحُلُم al-ḥulm; al-ḥulum |
حُلْم; حُلُم ḥulm; ḥulum |
Nominative | حُلْمٌ; حُلُمٌ ḥulmun; ḥulumun |
الْحُلْمُ; الْحُلُمُ al-ḥulmu; al-ḥulumu |
حُلْمُ; حُلُمُ ḥulmu; ḥulumu |
Accusative | حُلْمًا; حُلُمًا ḥulman; ḥuluman |
الْحُلْمَ; الْحُلُمَ al-ḥulma; al-ḥuluma |
حُلْمَ; حُلُمَ ḥulma; ḥuluma |
Genitive | حُلْمٍ; حُلُمٍ ḥulmin; ḥulumin |
الْحُلْمِ; الْحُلُمِ al-ḥulmi; al-ḥulumi |
حُلْمِ; حُلُمِ ḥulmi; ḥulumi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | حُلْمَيْن; حُلُمَيْن ḥulmayn; ḥulumayn |
الْحُلْمَيْن; الْحُلُمَيْن al-ḥulmayn; al-ḥulumayn |
حُلْمَيْ; حُلُمَيْ ḥulmay; ḥulumay |
Nominative | حُلْمَانِ; حُلُمَانِ ḥulmāni; ḥulumāni |
الْحُلْمَانِ; الْحُلُمَانِ al-ḥulmāni; al-ḥulumāni |
حُلْمَا; حُلُمَا ḥulmā; ḥulumā |
Accusative | حُلْمَيْنِ; حُلُمَيْنِ ḥulmayni; ḥulumayni |
الْحُلْمَيْنِ; الْحُلُمَيْنِ al-ḥulmayni; al-ḥulumayni |
حُلْمَيْ; حُلُمَيْ ḥulmay; ḥulumay |
Genitive | حُلْمَيْنِ; حُلُمَيْنِ ḥulmayni; ḥulumayni |
الْحُلْمَيْنِ; الْحُلُمَيْنِ al-ḥulmayni; al-ḥulumayni |
حُلْمَيْ; حُلُمَيْ ḥulmay; ḥulumay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | أَحْلَام ʔaḥlām |
الْأَحْلَام al-ʔaḥlām |
أَحْلَام ʔaḥlām |
Nominative | أَحْلَامٌ ʔaḥlāmun |
الْأَحْلَامُ al-ʔaḥlāmu |
أَحْلَامُ ʔaḥlāmu |
Accusative | أَحْلَامًا ʔaḥlāman |
الْأَحْلَامَ al-ʔaḥlāma |
أَحْلَامَ ʔaḥlāma |
Genitive | أَحْلَامٍ ʔaḥlāmin |
الْأَحْلَامِ al-ʔaḥlāmi |
أَحْلَامِ ʔaḥlāmi |
See also
- أَضْغَاثُ أَحْلَامٍ pl (ʔaḍḡāṯu ʔaḥlāmin, “convolutions of dreams”)
Noun
حُلُم or حُلْم • (ḥulum or ḥulm) m
- verbal noun of حَلَمَ (ḥalama) (form I)
- sexual maturity; puberty
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 24:59:
- وَإِذَا بَلَغَ ٱلْأَطْفَالُ مِنْكُمُ ٱلْحُلُمَ فَلْيَسْتَأْذِنُوا كَمَا ٱسْتَأْذَنَ ٱلَّذِينَ مِنْ قَبْلِهِمْ
- waʔiḏā balaḡa l-ʔaṭfālu minkumu l-ḥuluma falyastaʔḏinū kamā staʔḏana llaḏīna min qablihim
- And if the children among you reach puberty, they shall ask for permission as those who did before them.
Declension
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حُلُم; حُلْم ḥulum; ḥulm |
الْحُلُم; الْحُلْم al-ḥulum; al-ḥulm |
حُلُم; حُلْم ḥulum; ḥulm |
Nominative | حُلُمٌ; حُلْمٌ ḥulumun; ḥulmun |
الْحُلُمُ; الْحُلْمُ al-ḥulumu; al-ḥulmu |
حُلُمُ; حُلْمُ ḥulumu; ḥulmu |
Accusative | حُلُمًا; حُلْمًا ḥuluman; ḥulman |
الْحُلُمَ; الْحُلْمَ al-ḥuluma; al-ḥulma |
حُلُمَ; حُلْمَ ḥuluma; ḥulma |
Genitive | حُلُمٍ; حُلْمٍ ḥulumin; ḥulmin |
الْحُلُمِ; الْحُلْمِ al-ḥulumi; al-ḥulmi |
حُلُمِ; حُلْمِ ḥulumi; ḥulmi |
Noun
حِلْم • (ḥilm) m (plural حُلُوم (ḥulūm) or أَحْلَام (ʔaḥlām))
- verbal noun of حَلُمَ (ḥaluma) (form I)
- (approving) mental, psychological, or comportmental maturity; prudence; rationality; discretion
- (approving) being long-suffering, self-restraint; forbearance, longanimity
- Al-Shafi'i
- يُخَاطِبُنِي السَّفِيهُ بِكُلِّ قُبْحٍ / فَأَكْرَهُ أَنْ أَكُونَ لَهُ مُجِيبًا
يَزِيدُ سَفَاهَةً فَأَزِيدُ حِلْمًا / كَعُودٍ زَادَهُ الْإِحْرَاقُ طِيبًا- yuḵāṭibuni s-safīhu bikulli qubḥin / faʔakrahu ʔan ʔakūna lahū mujīban
yazīdu safāhatan faʔazīdu ḥilman / kaʕūdin zādahu l-ʔiḥrāqu ṭīban - The fool would spew a lot of ugliness and filth, / And I should hate to be the one who answers him. / He grows more foolish; I grow more and more restrained, / Like incense burning with increasing fragrances.
- yuḵāṭibuni s-safīhu bikulli qubḥin / faʔakrahu ʔan ʔakūna lahū mujīban
- Al-Shafi'i
Declension
Declension of noun حِلْم (ḥilm)
Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حِلْم ḥilm |
الْحِلْم al-ḥilm |
حِلْم ḥilm |
Nominative | حِلْمٌ ḥilmun |
الْحِلْمُ al-ḥilmu |
حِلْمُ ḥilmu |
Accusative | حِلْمًا ḥilman |
الْحِلْمَ al-ḥilma |
حِلْمَ ḥilma |
Genitive | حِلْمٍ ḥilmin |
الْحِلْمِ al-ḥilmi |
حِلْمِ ḥilmi |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | حِلْمَيْن ḥilmayn |
الْحِلْمَيْن al-ḥilmayn |
حِلْمَيْ ḥilmay |
Nominative | حِلْمَانِ ḥilmāni |
الْحِلْمَانِ al-ḥilmāni |
حِلْمَا ḥilmā |
Accusative | حِلْمَيْنِ ḥilmayni |
الْحِلْمَيْنِ al-ḥilmayni |
حِلْمَيْ ḥilmay |
Genitive | حِلْمَيْنِ ḥilmayni |
الْحِلْمَيْنِ al-ḥilmayni |
حِلْمَيْ ḥilmay |
Plural | basic broken plural triptote | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حُلُوم; أَحْلَام ḥulūm; ʔaḥlām |
الْحُلُوم; الْأَحْلَام al-ḥulūm; al-ʔaḥlām |
حُلُوم; أَحْلَام ḥulūm; ʔaḥlām |
Nominative | حُلُومٌ; أَحْلَامٌ ḥulūmun; ʔaḥlāmun |
الْحُلُومُ; الْأَحْلَامُ al-ḥulūmu; al-ʔaḥlāmu |
حُلُومُ; أَحْلَامُ ḥulūmu; ʔaḥlāmu |
Accusative | حُلُومًا; أَحْلَامًا ḥulūman; ʔaḥlāman |
الْحُلُومَ; الْأَحْلَامَ al-ḥulūma; al-ʔaḥlāma |
حُلُومَ; أَحْلَامَ ḥulūma; ʔaḥlāma |
Genitive | حُلُومٍ; أَحْلَامٍ ḥulūmin; ʔaḥlāmin |
الْحُلُومِ; الْأَحْلَامِ al-ḥulūmi; al-ʔaḥlāmi |
حُلُومِ; أَحْلَامِ ḥulūmi; ʔaḥlāmi |
Noun
حَلَم • (ḥalam) m (collective, singulative حَلَمَة f (ḥalama))
- tick(s), mite(s)
- (anatomy) nipple(s), teat(s)
- callous-leaved gromwell (Moltkiopsis ciliata)
Declension
Declension of noun حَلَم (ḥalam)
Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حَلَم ḥalam |
الْحَلَم al-ḥalam |
حَلَم ḥalam |
Nominative | حَلَمٌ ḥalamun |
الْحَلَمُ al-ḥalamu |
حَلَمُ ḥalamu |
Accusative | حَلَمًا ḥalaman |
الْحَلَمَ al-ḥalama |
حَلَمَ ḥalama |
Genitive | حَلَمٍ ḥalamin |
الْحَلَمِ al-ḥalami |
حَلَمِ ḥalami |
Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حَلَمَة ḥalama |
الْحَلَمَة al-ḥalama |
حَلَمَة ḥalamat |
Nominative | حَلَمَةٌ ḥalamatun |
الْحَلَمَةُ al-ḥalamatu |
حَلَمَةُ ḥalamatu |
Accusative | حَلَمَةً ḥalamatan |
الْحَلَمَةَ al-ḥalamata |
حَلَمَةَ ḥalamata |
Genitive | حَلَمَةٍ ḥalamatin |
الْحَلَمَةِ al-ḥalamati |
حَلَمَةِ ḥalamati |
Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
Informal | حَلَمَتَيْن ḥalamatayn |
الْحَلَمَتَيْن al-ḥalamatayn |
حَلَمَتَيْ ḥalamatay |
Nominative | حَلَمَتَانِ ḥalamatāni |
الْحَلَمَتَانِ al-ḥalamatāni |
حَلَمَتَا ḥalamatā |
Accusative | حَلَمَتَيْنِ ḥalamatayni |
الْحَلَمَتَيْنِ al-ḥalamatayni |
حَلَمَتَيْ ḥalamatay |
Genitive | حَلَمَتَيْنِ ḥalamatayni |
الْحَلَمَتَيْنِ al-ḥalamatayni |
حَلَمَتَيْ ḥalamatay |
Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
Informal | حَلَمَات ḥalamāt |
الْحَلَمَات al-ḥalamāt |
حَلَمَات ḥalamāt |
Nominative | حَلَمَاتٌ ḥalamātun |
الْحَلَمَاتُ al-ḥalamātu |
حَلَمَاتُ ḥalamātu |
Accusative | حَلَمَاتٍ ḥalamātin |
الْحَلَمَاتِ al-ḥalamāti |
حَلَمَاتِ ḥalamāti |
Genitive | حَلَمَاتٍ ḥalamātin |
الْحَلَمَاتِ al-ḥalamāti |
حَلَمَاتِ ḥalamāti |
Derived terms
- حَلَمِيّ (ḥalamiyy)
- حُلَيْمَة (ḥulayma)
- حُلَيْمِيّ (ḥulaymiyy)
Persian
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): [hilm]
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [hɪlm]
- (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʔɪlm]
- (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʔilm]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [helm]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [hilm]
Readings | |
---|---|
Classical reading? | hilm |
Dari reading? | hilm |
Iranian reading? | helm |
Tajik reading? | hilm |
Noun
Dari | حلم |
---|---|
Iranian Persian | |
Tajik | ҳилм |
حلم • (helm) (plural حلوم (holum))
- meekness, mildness
- submissiveness, docility
- forbearance, mansuetude
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 3794:
- که نیم کوهم ز حلم و صبر و داد
کوه را کی در رباید تند باد- kah niyam kōh-am za hilm u sabr u dād
kōh rā kay dar rubāyad tund bād - I am not a straw, I am a mountain of forbearance and patience and justice:
how should the fierce wind carry off the mountain?”
- kah niyam kōh-am za hilm u sabr u dād
References
- Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “حلم”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
South Levantine Arabic
Root |
---|
ح ل م |
1 term |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ħi.lim/, [ˈħi.lɪm]
Audio (al-Lidd) (file)
Conjugation
Conjugation of حلم (ḥilim) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular | plural | |||||||
1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | |||
past | m | حلمت (ḥlimt) | حلمت (ḥlimt) | حلم (ḥilim) | حلمنا (ḥlimna) | حلمتو (ḥlimtu) | حلمو (ḥilmu) | |
f | حلمتي (ḥlimti) | حلمت (ḥilmat) | ||||||
present | m | بحلم (baḥlam) | بتحلم (btiḥlam) | بحلم (biḥlam) | منحلم (mniḥlam) | بتحلمو (btiḥlamu) | بحلمو (biḥlamu) | |
f | بتحلمي (btiḥlami) | بتحلم (btiḥlam) | ||||||
subjunctive | m | أحلم (ʔaḥlam) | تحلم (tiḥlam) | يحلم (yiḥlam) | نحلم (niḥlam) | تحلمو (tiḥlamu) | يحلمو (yiḥlamu) | |
f | تحلمي (tiḥlami) | تحلم (tiḥlam) | ||||||
imperative | m | احلم (iḥlam) | احلمو (iḥlamu) | |||||
f | احلمي (iḥlami) |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ħulm/, [ˈħʊ.l(ʊ)m]
Audio (Ramallah) (file)
Urdu
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɦʊlm/
Etymology 2
Borrowed from Classical Persian حِلْم (hilm)
Pronunciation
- (Standard Urdu) IPA(key): /ɦɪlm/
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