تبر

See also: تثر, بتر, پتر, ثبر, تتر, ببر, and بثر

Arabic

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Aramaic תְּבְרָא / ܬܷܒܪܐ (təḇrā, “fragment”), absolute state תְּבַר / ܬܒܱܪ (tḇar), from תְּבַר / ܬܒܱܪ (tḇar, “to break, to fract”), the Aramaic equivalent to Arabic ثَبَرَ (ṯabara, “to destroy”).

Noun

تِبْر • (tibr) m (collective, singulative تِبْرَة f (tibra))

pure, unalloyed ore of gold or silver
- 7th century CE, Sunan Abī Dāwud, 23:24:
  الذَّهَبُ بِٱلذَّهَبِ تِبْرُهَا وَعَيْنُهَا وَٱلْفِضَّةُ بِٱلْفِضَّةِ تِبْرُهَا وَعَيْنُهَا وَٱلْبُرُّ بِٱلْبُرِّ مُدْيٌ بِمُدْيٍ وَٱلشَّعِيرُ بِٱلشَّعِيرِ مُدْيٌ بِمُدْيٍ وَٱلتَّمْرُ بِٱلتَّمْرِ مُدْيٌ بِمُدْيٍ وَٱلْمِلْحُ بِٱلْمِلْحِ مُدْيٌ بِمُدْيٍ
  aḏ-ḏahabu bi-ḏ-ḏahabi tibruhā waʕaynuhā wal-fiḍḍatu bi-l-fiḍḍati tibruhā waʕaynuhā wal-burru bi-l-burri mudyun bimudyin waš-šaʕīru bi-š-šaʕīri mudyun bimudyin wat-tamru bi-t-tamri mudyun bimudyin wal-milḥu bi-l-milḥi mudyun bimudyin
  Gold is to be weighed for in gold, raw and coined, silver in silver, raw and coined, wheat in wheat in equal measure, barley in barley in equal measure, dates in dates in equal measure, salt in salt in equal measure.

Declension

Declension of noun تِبْر (tibr)

Collective	basic collective triptote
Collective	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تِبْر tibr	التِّبْر at-tibr	تِبْر tibr
Nominative	تِبْرٌ tibrun	التِّبْرُ at-tibru	تِبْرُ tibru
Accusative	تِبْرًا tibran	التِّبْرَ at-tibra	تِبْرَ tibra
Genitive	تِبْرٍ tibrin	التِّبْرِ at-tibri	تِبْرِ tibri
Singulative	singulative triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singulative	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تِبْرَة tibra	التِّبْرَة at-tibra	تِبْرَة tibrat
Nominative	تِبْرَةٌ tibratun	التِّبْرَةُ at-tibratu	تِبْرَةُ tibratu
Accusative	تِبْرَةً tibratan	التِّبْرَةَ at-tibrata	تِبْرَةَ tibrata
Genitive	تِبْرَةٍ tibratin	التِّبْرَةِ at-tibrati	تِبْرَةِ tibrati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تِبْرَتَيْن tibratayn	التِّبْرَتَيْن at-tibratayn	تِبْرَتَيْ tibratay
Nominative	تِبْرَتَانِ tibratāni	التِّبْرَتَانِ at-tibratāni	تِبْرَتَا tibratā
Accusative	تِبْرَتَيْنِ tibratayni	التِّبْرَتَيْنِ at-tibratayni	تِبْرَتَيْ tibratay
Genitive	تِبْرَتَيْنِ tibratayni	التِّبْرَتَيْنِ at-tibratayni	تِبْرَتَيْ tibratay
Paucal (3-10)	sound feminine paucal
Paucal (3-10)	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	تِبْرَات tibrāt	التِّبْرَات at-tibrāt	تِبْرَات tibrāt
Nominative	تِبْرَاتٌ tibrātun	التِّبْرَاتُ at-tibrātu	تِبْرَاتُ tibrātu
Accusative	تِبْرَاتٍ tibrātin	التِّبْرَاتِ at-tibrāti	تِبْرَاتِ tibrāti
Genitive	تِبْرَاتٍ tibrātin	التِّبْرَاتِ at-tibrāti	تِبْرَاتِ tibrāti

Descendants

→ Middle Armenian: թիպր (tʻipr)
→ Ottoman Turkish: تبر (tibr)
- Turkish: tibr

Verb

تَبَّرَ • (tabbara) II, non-past يُتَبِّرُ‎ (yutabbiru)

to destroy; to annihilate
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 25:39:
  وَكُلًّا ضَرَبْنَا لَهُ ٱلْأَمْثَٰلَ وَكُلًّا تَبَّرْنَا تَتْبِيرًا
  wakullan ḍarabnā lahu l-ʔamṯāla wakullan tabbarnā tatbīran
  For each We set forth (various) lessons, and We ultimately destroyed each.

Conjugation

Conjugation of

تَبَّرَ

(form-II sound)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					تَتْبِير tatbīr
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					مُتَبِّر mutabbir
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مُتَبَّر mutabbar
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تَبَّرْتُ tabbartu	تَبَّرْتَ tabbarta	تَبَّرَ tabbara	تَبَّرْتُمَا tabbartumā	تَبَّرَا tabbarā	تَبَّرْنَا tabbarnā	تَبَّرْتُمْ tabbartum	تَبَّرُوا tabbarū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	تَبَّرْتُ tabbartu	تَبَّرْتِ tabbarti	تَبَّرَتْ tabbarat	تَبَّرْتُمَا tabbartumā	تَبَّرَتَا tabbaratā	تَبَّرْنَا tabbarnā	تَبَّرْتُنَّ tabbartunna	تَبَّرْنَ tabbarna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُتَبِّرُ ʔutabbiru	تُتَبِّرُ tutabbiru	يُتَبِّرُ yutabbiru	تُتَبِّرَانِ tutabbirāni	يُتَبِّرَانِ yutabbirāni	نُتَبِّرُ nutabbiru	تُتَبِّرُونَ tutabbirūna	يُتَبِّرُونَ yutabbirūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُتَبِّرُ ʔutabbiru	تُتَبِّرِينَ tutabbirīna	تُتَبِّرُ tutabbiru	تُتَبِّرَانِ tutabbirāni	تُتَبِّرَانِ tutabbirāni	نُتَبِّرُ nutabbiru	تُتَبِّرْنَ tutabbirna	يُتَبِّرْنَ yutabbirna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُتَبِّرَ ʔutabbira	تُتَبِّرَ tutabbira	يُتَبِّرَ yutabbira	تُتَبِّرَا tutabbirā	يُتَبِّرَا yutabbirā	نُتَبِّرَ nutabbira	تُتَبِّرُوا tutabbirū	يُتَبِّرُوا yutabbirū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُتَبِّرَ ʔutabbira	تُتَبِّرِي tutabbirī	تُتَبِّرَ tutabbira	تُتَبِّرَا tutabbirā	تُتَبِّرَا tutabbirā	نُتَبِّرَ nutabbira	تُتَبِّرْنَ tutabbirna	يُتَبِّرْنَ yutabbirna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُتَبِّرْ ʔutabbir	تُتَبِّرْ tutabbir	يُتَبِّرْ yutabbir	تُتَبِّرَا tutabbirā	يُتَبِّرَا yutabbirā	نُتَبِّرْ nutabbir	تُتَبِّرُوا tutabbirū	يُتَبِّرُوا yutabbirū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُتَبِّرْ ʔutabbir	تُتَبِّرِي tutabbirī	تُتَبِّرْ tutabbir	تُتَبِّرَا tutabbirā	تُتَبِّرَا tutabbirā	نُتَبِّرْ nutabbir	تُتَبِّرْنَ tutabbirna	يُتَبِّرْنَ yutabbirna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		تَبِّرْ tabbir		تَبِّرَا tabbirā			تَبِّرُوا tabbirū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		تَبِّرِي tabbirī		تَبِّرَا tabbirā			تَبِّرْنَ tabbirna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	تُبِّرْتُ tubbirtu	تُبِّرْتَ tubbirta	تُبِّرَ tubbira	تُبِّرْتُمَا tubbirtumā	تُبِّرَا tubbirā	تُبِّرْنَا tubbirnā	تُبِّرْتُمْ tubbirtum	تُبِّرُوا tubbirū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	تُبِّرْتُ tubbirtu	تُبِّرْتِ tubbirti	تُبِّرَتْ tubbirat	تُبِّرْتُمَا tubbirtumā	تُبِّرَتَا tubbiratā	تُبِّرْنَا tubbirnā	تُبِّرْتُنَّ tubbirtunna	تُبِّرْنَ tubbirna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	m	أُتَبَّرُ ʔutabbaru	تُتَبَّرُ tutabbaru	يُتَبَّرُ yutabbaru	تُتَبَّرَانِ tutabbarāni	يُتَبَّرَانِ yutabbarāni	نُتَبَّرُ nutabbaru	تُتَبَّرُونَ tutabbarūna	يُتَبَّرُونَ yutabbarūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع الْمَرْفُوع	f	أُتَبَّرُ ʔutabbaru	تُتَبَّرِينَ tutabbarīna	تُتَبَّرُ tutabbaru	تُتَبَّرَانِ tutabbarāni	تُتَبَّرَانِ tutabbarāni	نُتَبَّرُ nutabbaru	تُتَبَّرْنَ tutabbarna	يُتَبَّرْنَ yutabbarna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُتَبَّرَ ʔutabbara	تُتَبَّرَ tutabbara	يُتَبَّرَ yutabbara	تُتَبَّرَا tutabbarā	يُتَبَّرَا yutabbarā	نُتَبَّرَ nutabbara	تُتَبَّرُوا tutabbarū	يُتَبَّرُوا yutabbarū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُتَبَّرَ ʔutabbara	تُتَبَّرِي tutabbarī	تُتَبَّرَ tutabbara	تُتَبَّرَا tutabbarā	تُتَبَّرَا tutabbarā	نُتَبَّرَ nutabbara	تُتَبَّرْنَ tutabbarna	يُتَبَّرْنَ yutabbarna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُتَبَّرْ ʔutabbar	تُتَبَّرْ tutabbar	يُتَبَّرْ yutabbar	تُتَبَّرَا tutabbarā	يُتَبَّرَا yutabbarā	نُتَبَّرْ nutabbar	تُتَبَّرُوا tutabbarū	يُتَبَّرُوا yutabbarū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُتَبَّرْ ʔutabbar	تُتَبَّرِي tutabbarī	تُتَبَّرْ tutabbar	تُتَبَّرَا tutabbarā	تُتَبَّرَا tutabbarā	نُتَبَّرْ nutabbar	تُتَبَّرْنَ tutabbarna	يُتَبَّرْنَ yutabbarna

Etymology 3

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

Verb

تَبُرْ • (tabur) (form I)

second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive of بَارَ (bāra)
third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive of بَارَ (bāra)

References

“tbr²”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
Fraenkel, Siegmund (1880) De vocabulis in antiquis Arabum carminibus et in Corano peregrinis‎ (in Latin), Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 25
Freytag, Georg (1830) “تبر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 183
Wehr, Hans with Kropfitsch, Lorenz (1985) “تبر”, in Arabisches Wörterbuch für die Schriftsprache der Gegenwart‎ (in German), 5th edition, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, published 2011, →ISBN, page 133

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Persian (tabar, “axe, hatchet”).

Noun

تبر • (teber)

axe, hatchet, a tool for felling trees or chopping wood
Synonyms: بالطه (balta), فاس (fas), مكشاح (mikşah)
battle axe, an ancient military weapon in the form of an axe
Synonyms: بالطه (balta), فاس (fas)
halberd, a weapon consisting of a long pole with an axe-like blade mounted on it
tuberose, any flowering plant in the genus Polianthes

Derived terms

تبرخون (teberhun, “jujube tree”)
تبردار (teberdar, “halberdier”)
تبرزن (teberzen, “one who cuts or strikes with an axe”)
تبرزین (teberzin, “battle-axe carried at the saddle-bow”)
تبرك (teberek, “kind of small axe”)

Descendants

Turkish: teber

Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic تِبْر (tibr, “unalloyed ore of gold or silver”).

Noun

تبر • (tibr)

pure, unalloyed ore or nuggets of gold or silver

Descendants

Turkish: tibr

Persian

Etymology

Compare Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian տապար (tapar), Proto-Slavic *toporъ.

Pronunciation

(Classical Persian) IPA^(key): [ta.βaɾ]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.bäɾ]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.bäɾ]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.bäɾ]

(Iran, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰæ.bæɹ]

(Tajik, formal) IPA^(key): [t̪ʰä.bäɾ]

Readings
Classical reading^?	taḇar
Dari reading^?	tabar
Iranian reading^?	tabar
Tajik reading^?	tabar

audio (file)

Noun

تبر • (tabar)

hatchet, axe, or mattock

Descendants

→ Georgian: ტაბარი (ṭabari), ⇒ ტაბარძენი (ṭabarʒeni)
→ Gujarati: તબર (tabar)
→ Khalaj: tavarçuq
→ Ottoman Turkish: تبر (teber)
- Turkish: teber

References

Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “تبر”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

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تبر

Arabic

Etymology 1

Noun

Declension

Descendants

Verb

Conjugation

Etymology 3

Verb

References

Ottoman Turkish

Etymology 1

Noun

Derived terms

Descendants

Further reading

Etymology 2

Noun

Descendants

Further reading

Persian

Etymology

Pronunciation

Noun

Descendants

References