الاہما
Punjabi
Alternative forms
- اُلَامھا (ulāmhā), اُلَان٘بھا (ulāṉbhā)
- لاہما (lāhmā), لَان٘بھا (lāṉbhā) — colloquial
Etymology
Inherited from Prakrit 𑀉𑀧𑀸𑀭𑀫𑁆𑀪 (upārambha), from Sanskrit उपालम्भ (upālambha). Cognate with Sindhi اولانڀو (olā̃bho).
Pronunciation
- (Standard Punjabi) Phonetic: ulā́mā IPA(key): /ʊ.läː˦.mäː/, [o.lä̃ː˦.mäː]
- Rhymes: -äː
Noun
اُلَاہْما • (ulāhmā) m (Gurmukhi spelling ਉਲਾਹਮਾ) (Standard Punjabi)
- complaint
- Synonyms: شِکْوَہ (śikvah), شِکایَت (śikāyat)
- (by extension) criticism, indictment
Declension
| Declension of الاہما | ||
|---|---|---|
| dir. sg. | اُلَاہْما (ulāhmā) | |
| dir. pl. | اُلَاہْمے (ulāhme) | |
| singular | plural | |
| direct | اُلَاہْما (ulāhmā) | اُلَاہْمے (ulāhme) |
| oblique | اُلَاہْمے (ulāhme) | اُلَاہْمیاں (ulāhmeyāṉ) |
| vocative | اُلَاہْمیا (ulāhmeyā) | اُلَاہْمیو (ulāhmeyo) |
| ablative | اُلَاہْمیوں (ulāhmeyoṉ) | — |
| locative | اُلَاہْمے (ulāhme) | — |
| instrumental | اُلَاہْمے (ulāhme) | — |
Further reading
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002) “اُلاہما”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: ʻAzīz Pablisharz
- “ਉਲਾਹਮਾ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2024
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985) “upālambha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 108
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