استاد

See also: إستاد and أستاذ

Persian

From earlier (ustâd), from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾwstʾt'), 𐫀𐫇𐫏𐫘𐫤𐫀𐫅 (ʾwystʾd /⁠awestād⁠/, “master, craftsman”), from Proto-Iranian *Hawastātas (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬁𐬙𐬀 (auuastāta), Northern Kurdish hoste, oste, wista, wusta, وەستا (westa), Mazanderani استات (estât), استا (estâ), اسا (essâ)), verbal noun of Proto-Iranian *HawastaHyáti (compare Old Persian 𐎠𐎺𐎠𐎿𐎫𐎠𐎹𐎶 (a-v-a-s-t-a-y-m /⁠avāstāyam⁠/), Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬯𐬙𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀 (auuastaiia)), from *Hawa- (compare Avestan 𐬀𐬎𐬎𐬀 (auua)) +‎ *staHyáti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *Háwa + *staHyáti, the latter from Proto-Indo-European *stoh₂éyeti (“to cause to stand”).[1]

(Dari, formal) IPA^(key): [ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]
- (Kabuli) IPA^(key): [ʔʊs.t̪ʰɑːd̪]
- (Hazaragi) IPA^(key): [ʔus.t̪ʰɔːd̪̥]

اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (comparative اُسْتَادتَر (ostâd-tar), superlative اُسْتَادتَرین (ostâd-tarin))


Iranian Persian	استاد
Dari	استاد
Tajik	устод

اُسْتَاد • (ostâd) (plural استادان (ostâdân) or استادها (ostâd-hâ) or اساتید (asâtid))

master (an expert at something; a tradesman who is qualified to teach apprentices; a skilled artist)
1. ustad
(archaic) tutor
a senior craftsman
expert
professor (a teacher or faculty member at a college or university regardless of formal rank)

→ Arabic: أُسْتَاذ (ʔustāḏ)
- Gulf Arabic: استاذ (istāḏ)
- → Lishana Deni: אסתאדא (ʾəstāḏa)
- → Malay: ustaz
  - Indonesian: ustaz
- → Swahili: stadi
- → Yakan: ustad
→ Assamese: ওস্তাদ (üstad)
→ Azerbaijani: usta, ustad
→ Bashkir: оҫта (ośta), остаз (ostaz)
→ Bengali: ওস্তাদ (ōstad)
→ Chinese:
- → Dungan: вуста (vusta)
→ Georgian: ოსტატი (osṭaṭi)
- → Bats: ოსტატ (osṭaṭ)
- → Mingrelian: ორსანტი (orsanṭi)
- → Svan: უ̂ოსტა̈ტ (ûosṭäṭ)
→ Gujarati: ઉસ્તાદ (ustād)
→ Hindustani:
- → Hindi: उस्ताद (ustād)
- → Urdu: استاد (ustād)
  - → English: ustad
→ Kazakh: ұста (ūsta), ұстаз (ūstaz)
→ Mandaic: ࡀࡎࡕࡀࡃ (astad)
→ Ottoman Turkish: استا (usta), استاد (üstâd)
> Turkish: üstad, üstat, usta (inherited)

→ Albanian: usta

→ Middle Armenian: ուսթայ (ustʻay), ուսթա (ustʻa), ուստայ (ustay)
→ Armenian: ուստա (usta)

→ Romanian: usta
→ Punjabi: ਉਸਤਾਦ (usatād)
→ Uyghur: ئۇستا (usta), ئۇستات (ustat), ئۇستاز (ustaz)
→ Uzbek: usta, ustoz

Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 358-61

Borrowed from Classical Persian (ustād, “master”), from Middle Persian ʾwstʾt' (awestād, “master, craftsman”), from Old Persian.

استاد • (ustād) m (formal plural اساتذہ, Hindi spelling उस्ताद)

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