آشفتن

Persian

Etymology

Inherited from Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (ʾšwptn' /⁠āšuftan⁠/), derived with the preverb *aH- from the root Proto-Iranian *xšawb- (to rustle, tremble), from Proto-Indo-European *k⁽ʷ⁾sewbʰ- (to rock, tremble). Cognate with Sanskrit क्षुभ् (kṣubh, to shake, be agitated), Proto-Germanic *skeubaną (to push, drive), Lithuanian skùbti (to start to hurry), Proto-Slavic *xybàti (to sway). Note the Iranian borrowings: Old Armenian ապշոպ (apšop), շփոթ (špʻotʻ), Old Georgian შფოთი (špoti).

Pronunciation

  • (file)
 
  • (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [ʔɑː.ʃʊf.t̪ʰǽn]
    • (Kabuli) IPA(key): [ʔɑː.ʃʊf.t̪ʰǽn]
    • (Hazaragi) IPA(key): [ʔɔː.ʃuf.t̪ʰǽn]

Readings
Classical reading? āšuftan
Dari reading? āšuftan
Iranian reading? âšoftan
Tajik reading? ošuftan

Verb

Dari آشفتن
Iranian Persian
Tajik ошуфтан

آشفتن • (âšoftan) (present stem آشوب (âšub))

  1. to agitate
  2. to disturb
  3. to excite
  4. to change, to alter

Conjugation

References

  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 454–455
  • Herzenberg, L. G. (2014) “Studies in Persian Etymology II”, in Acta Linguistica Petropolitana, volume 10, number 1, published by P. A. Kocharov and A. V. Shatskov, page 38 of 19–48
  • Horn, Paul (1893) Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, § 32, page 8
  • Horn, Paul (1898–1901) “Neupersische Schriftsprache [New Persian written language]”, in Geiger, Wilhelm, Kuhn, Ernst, editors, Grundriß der iranischen Philologie [Outline of Iranian Philology] (in German), volume I, part II, Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, page 136
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895) Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, pages 7, 233
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