סרן

Hebrew

Etymology 1

Borrowed from Philistine, F. M. Cross suggests 𐤈𐤓𐤍 (ṭrn), which he translates as "tyrant".[1] R. D. Barnett speculated the Philistine term might be Indo-European and related to Hittite [script needed] (šarawanaš) / [script needed] (tarawanaš)[2] or Ancient Greek τῠ́ραννος (túrannos), itself probably a loan from Asia Minor (see entry).[3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]

Noun

סֶרֶן • (séren) m (plural indefinite סְרָנִים, plural construct סַרְנֵי־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

  1. (Biblical Hebrew) lord, prince, ruler of one of the five Philistine cities
  2. (modern Hebrew) (military) captain
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Root
ס־ר־ן (s-r-n)

Apparently Semitic.

Noun

סֶרֶן • (séren) m (plural indefinite סְרָנִים, singular construct סֶרֶן־) [pattern: קֶטֶל]

  1. axle

References
  1. Cross, F. M. 2008. "Inscriptions in Phoenician and Other Scripts." In Ashkelon I: Introduction and Overview (1985–2006), ed. L. E. Stager, J. D. Schloen, and D. M. Master, 333–72. Final Reports of the Leon Levy Expedition to Ashkelon 1; Harvard Semitic Museum Publications. Winona Lake, IN: Eisenbrauns.
  2. Nancy K. Sandars, The Sea Peoples: Warriors of the Ancient Mediterranean, 1250–1150 BC, Thames and Hudson, 1978
  3. Barnett, "The Sea Peoples", section IV, "The Philistines", New Cambridge Ancient History page 17, critically remarked upon in Michael C. Astour's review article in Journal of the American Oriental Society, 92:3 (July – September 1972:457f)
  4. See also W. F. Albright in the New Cambridge Ancient History, vol. I, part I, p. 25, note 3.
  5. Helck, Ein sprachliches Indiz für die Herkunft der Philister, in Beiträge zur Namenforschung 21, 1983, p. 31.
  6. Meriggi, P. "Schizzo della delineazione nominale dell'eteo geroglifico (Continuazione e fine)", in Archivio Glottologico Italiano, 38, 1953. pp. 36-57.
  7. Chantraine, Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque. Histoire des mots, vol. 4.1, 1968, p. 1146.
  8. Gusmani 1969: R. Gusmani, Isoglossi lessicali Greco-Ittite, in Studi linguistici in onore di Vittore Pisani, Brescia 1969, Vol. 1, p. 511-12.
  9. Cornil, P. "Une étymologie étrusco-hittite", Atti del II Congresso Internazionale de Hittitologia, Pavía, 1995, p. 84-85.
  10. Rabin, C. "Hittite Words in Hebrew", Or NS 32, 1963, pp. 113-39.
  • “סרן” in the Hebrew Terms Database of the Academy of Hebrew Language

Further reading
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