перед

• пе́редъ (péred) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
• пе́редо (péredo) (before awkward consonant clusters)

Inherited from Old East Slavic передъ (peredŭ), from Proto-Slavic *perdъ, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *per-, whence also пере- (pere-), перез (perez). Doublet of пред (pred), a borrowing from Old Church Slavonic.

• IPA^(key): [ˈpʲerʲɪt]

• Audio

  (file)

пе́ред • (péred) (+ instrumental case)

1. in front of, before
2. right/immediately before

• The preposition takes nouns in the instrumental case.
• Пе́ред and до (do) have similar meanings, but they are not interchangeable.

  When speaking about time:

  до моме́нта (do moménta) can mean quite a long time, whereas пе́ред моме́нтом (péred moméntom) means just before the very moment.

  Examples:

  Дава́й встре́тимся до рабо́ты.

  Daváj vstrétimsja do rabóty.

  Let’s meet before work.

  (any time between now and when we start work, and the meeting could be anywhere)

  Дава́й встре́тимся пе́ред рабо́той.

  Daváj vstrétimsja péred rabótoj.

  Let’s meet before work.

  (just before we start work, immediately before work, and probably at the job site)

  When speaking about space:

  До го́рода ещё далеко́.

  Do góroda ješčó dalekó.

  The city is still far away.

  (measured from here to there)

  Я дошёл до перекрёстка

  Ja došól do perekrjóstka

  I reached the crossroads.

  (going from here to there)

  Пе́ред сою́зом «что» ста́вится запята́я.

  Péred sojúzom «što» stávitsja zapjatája.

  A comma is placed before the conjunction “što”.

  (immediately before that word)

• The preposition пе́ред can be combined with са́мым (sámym). For example:

  Мы пригото́вились к экза́менам пе́ред са́мым обе́дом.

  My prigotóvilisʹ k ekzámenam péred sámym obédom.

  We prepared for the exams right before lunch.

  Sentences with пе́ред са́мым use perfective verbs. Compared to sentences with perfective verbs while using the ordinary пе́ред, it has a much shorter interval between the completed action/event and the particular action/event that the пе́ред са́мым modifies. Hence, пе́ред са́мым has a bigger emphasis meaning-wise than the ordinary пе́ред.

• пред (pred), предо (predo)

• опереди́ть (operedítʹ)
• пе́ред тем как (péred tem kak)

пе́ред • (péred) m inan (genitive пе́реда, nominative plural переда́, genitive plural передо́в)

1. front, forepart

   Antonym: зад (zad)

• пере́дний (perédnij)
• пере́дник (perédnik)
• передово́й (peredovój)
• передо́к (peredók)
• перёд (perjód)

• Chernykh, P. Ja. (1993) “перед”, in Историко-этимологический словарь русского языка [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), 3rd edition, volumes 2 (панцирь – ящур), Moscow: Russian Lang., →ISBN, page 21
• Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “перед”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress

• (preposition): пе́реді (péredi), (colloquial) пе́редо (péredo) — before awkward consonant clusters

From Old East Slavic передъ (peredŭ), from Proto-Slavic *perdъ.

• пе́ред: IPA^(key): [ˈpɛred]
• пере́д: IPA^(key): [peˈrɛd]

• Audio (пе́ред)

  (file)

• Hyphenation: пе‧ред

пе́ред • (péred)

1. just before, in front of (expressing position in space or time) (+ instrumental)

   пе́ред ра́нком ― péred ránkom ― just before morning, at daybreak

2. just before, in front of (expressing motion towards) (+ accusative)
3. ago (+ instrumental)

   пе́ред трьома́ ти́жнями ― péred trʹomá týžnjamy ― three weeks ago

пе́ред or пере́д • (péred or peréd) m inan (genitive пе́реду or пере́ду, nominative plural пе́реди or пере́ди, genitive plural пе́редів or пере́дів, relational adjective пере́дній)

1. front, front part