беся

See also: беса

Bulgarian

Etymology

Back-formed from Bulgarian обе́ся (obésja, “to hang up”) (derived as об- (ob-) +‎ веся (vesja)), which has been interpreted as о- (o-) +‎ беся (besja).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ˈbɛsʲɐ]
Audio (file)

Verb

бе́ся • (bésja) first-singular present indicative, impf

(transitive) to hang (to execute someone by suspension from the neck)
Synonym: обесвам (obesvam)

Бесенето е начин за изпълнение на смъртно наказание в много държави.
Beseneto e način za izpǎlnenie na smǎrtno nakazanie v mnogo dǎržavi.
Hanging has been a method of capital punishment in many countries.

Conjugation

Conjugation of бе́ся (conjugation 2.1, imperfective, transitive)

participles		present active participle	past active aorist participle	past active imperfect participle	past passive participle	verbal noun	adverbial participle
masculine	indefinite	бе́сещ bésešt	бе́сил, беси́л¹ bésil, besíl¹	бе́сел bésel	бе́сен bésen		бе́сейки bésejki
	definite subject form	бе́сещият béseštijat	бе́силият, беси́лият¹ bésilijat, besílijat¹	—	бе́сеният bésenijat
	definite object form	бе́сещия béseštija	бе́силия, беси́лия¹ bésilija, besílija¹	—	бе́сения bésenija
feminine	indefinite	бе́сеща bésešta	бе́сила, беси́ла¹ bésila, besíla¹	бе́села bésela	бе́сена bésena
feminine	definite	бе́сещата béseštata	бе́силата, беси́лата¹ bésilata, besílata¹	—	бе́сената bésenata
neuter	indefinite	бе́сещо bésešto	бе́сило, беси́ло¹ bésilo, besílo¹	бе́село béselo	бе́сено béseno	бе́сене bésene
neuter	definite	бе́сещото béseštoto	бе́силото, беси́лото¹ bésiloto, besíloto¹	—	бе́сеното bésenoto	бе́сенето béseneto
plural	indefinite	бе́сещи bésešti	бе́сили, беси́ли¹ bésili, besíli¹	бе́сели béseli	бе́сени béseni	бе́сения, бе́сенета bésenija, béseneta
plural	definite	бе́сещите béseštite	бе́силите, беси́лите¹ bésilite, besílite¹	—	бе́сените bésenite	бе́сенията, бе́сенетата bésenijata, bésenetata

person		singular			plural
person		first	second	third	first	second	third
indicative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present		бе́ся bésja	бе́сиш bésiš	бе́си bési	бе́сим bésim	бе́сите bésite	бе́сят bésjat
imperfect		бе́сех béseh	бе́сеше béseše	бе́сеше béseše	бе́сехме bésehme	бе́сехте bésehte	бе́сеха béseha
aorist		бе́сих, беси́х¹ bésih, besíh¹	бе́си, беси́¹ bési, besí¹	бе́си, беси́¹ bési, besí¹	бе́сихме, беси́хме¹ bésihme, besíhme¹	бе́сихте, беси́хте¹ bésihte, besíhte¹	бе́сиха, беси́ха¹ bésiha, besíha¹
future	pos.	Use ще followed by the present indicative tense
future	neg.	Use ня́ма да followed by the present indicative tense
future in the past	pos.	Use the imperfect indicative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future in the past	neg.	Use ня́маше да followed by the present indicative tense
present perfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л¹ m, бе́сила/беси́ла¹ f, бе́сило/беси́ло¹ n, or бе́сили/беси́ли¹ pl
past perfect		Use the imperfect indicative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л¹ m, бе́сила/беси́ла¹ f, бе́сило/беси́ло¹ n, or бе́сили/беси́ли¹ pl
future perfect		Use the future indicative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л¹ m, бе́сила/беси́ла¹ f, бе́сило/беси́ло¹ n, or бе́сили/беси́ли¹ pl
future perfect in the past		Use the future in the past indicative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л¹ m, бе́сила/беси́ла¹ f, бе́сило/беси́ло¹ n, or бе́сили/беси́ли¹ pl
renarrative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and бе́сел m, бе́села f, бе́село n, or бе́сели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм (leave it out in third person) and бе́сил/беси́л¹ m, бе́сила/беси́ла¹ f, бе́сило/беси́ло¹ n, or бе́сили/беси́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л¹ m, бе́сила/беси́ла¹ f, бе́сило/беси́ло¹ n, or бе́сили/беси́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past renarrative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л¹ m, бе́сила/беси́ла¹ f, бе́сило/беси́ло¹ n, or бе́сили/беси́ли¹ pl
dubitative		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present/imperfect renarrative tense of съм and бе́сел m, бе́села f, бе́село n, or бе́сели pl
aorist		Use the aorist renarrative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л¹ m, бе́сила/беси́ла¹ f, бе́сило/беси́ло¹ n, or бе́сили/беси́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect dubitative tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало било́ да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		none
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past dubitative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л¹ m, бе́сила/беси́ла¹ f, бе́сило/беси́ло¹ n, or бе́сили/беси́ли¹ pl
conclusive		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
present and imperfect		Use the present indicative tense of съм and бе́сел m, бе́села f, бе́село n, or бе́сели pl
aorist		Use the present indicative tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л¹ m, бе́сила/беси́ла¹ f, бе́сило/беси́ло¹ n, or бе́сили/беси́ли¹ pl
future and future in the past	pos.	Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of ща followed by да and the present indicative tense
future and future in the past	neg.	Use ня́мало е да and the present indicative tense
present and past perfect		Use the present/imperfect conclusive tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л¹ m, бе́сила/беси́ла¹ f, бе́сило/беси́ло¹ n, or бе́сили/беси́ли¹ pl
future perfect and future perfect in the past		Use the future/future in the past conclusive tense of съм and бе́сил/беси́л¹ m, бе́сила/беси́ла¹ f, бе́сило/беси́ло¹ n, or бе́сили/беси́ли¹ pl
conditional		аз	ти	той/тя/то	ние	вие	те
conditional		Use the first aorist indicative tense of бъ́да and бе́сил/беси́л¹ m, бе́сила/беси́ла¹ f, бе́сило/беси́ло¹ n, or бе́сили/беси́ли¹ pl
imperative		-	ти	-	-	вие	-
imperative			беси́ besí			бесе́те beséte

¹Dialectally marked.

Derived terms

избеся impf (izbesja), избесвам pf (izbesvam)
бесило (besilo), бесилка (besilka, “gallows”)

Related terms

веся impf (vesja), весвам pf (vesvam, “to hang, to dangle”) (dated)
- завеса (zavesa, “curtain”)
- навес (naves, “offset, shed”)
вися (visja, “to hang”)
- висулка (visulka, “pendant”)

References

“беся”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
“беся”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1971), “беся”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volumes 1 (А – З), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, →ISBN, page 44

Russian

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [bʲɪˈsʲa]

Participle

беся́ • (besjá)

present imperfective adverbial participle of беси́ть (besítʹ): while maddening

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