χθών
See also: Χθών
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Hellenic *kʰtʰṓn, full transference to n-stem (cf. εἷς (heîs), χῐών (khiṓn)), from Proto-Indo-European *dʰéǵʰōm, with the Proto-Indo-European cluster *dʰǵʰ- metathesizing into Proto-Greek *kʰtʰ- from an earlier Proto-Hellenic *tʰkʰṓn, since Greek stop clusters must always end in a dental. Cognates include Sanskrit क्ष (kṣa) and Latin humus.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kʰtʰɔ̌ːn/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kʰtʰon/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /xθon/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /xθon/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /xθon/
Audio (Classical Attic) (file)
Noun
χθών • (khthṓn) f (genitive χθονός); third declension
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ἡ χθών hē khthṓn |
τὼ χθόνε tṑ khthóne |
αἱ χθόνες hai khthónes | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τῆς χθονός tês khthonós |
τοῖν χθονοῖν toîn khthonoîn |
τῶν χθονῶν tôn khthonôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῇ χθονῐ́ têi khthoní |
τοῖν χθονοῖν toîn khthonoîn |
ταῖς χθοσῐ́ / χθοσῐ́ν taîs khthosí(n) | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὴν χθόνᾰ tḕn khthóna |
τὼ χθόνε tṑ khthóne |
τᾱ̀ς χθόνᾰς tā̀s khthónas | ||||||||||
| Vocative | χθών khthṓn |
χθόνε khthóne |
χθόνες khthónes | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
- χαμάδις (khamádis)
- χαμᾶζε (khamâze)
- χαμᾶθεν (khamâthen)
- χαμαί (khamaí)
- χαμαιευνάς (khamaieunás)
- χαμαιεύνης (khamaieúnēs)
- χαμαίζηλος (khamaízēlos)
- χαμαῖθεν (khamaîthen)
- χαμαικοίτης (khamaikoítēs)
- χαμόθεν (khamóthen)
- χθαμαλός (khthamalós)
Further reading
- “χθών”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “χθών”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “χθών”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- χθών in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- χθών in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “χθών”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
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