χάος

Uncertain. Has traditionally been connected to χαίνω (khaínō), χάσκω (kháskō, “I gape, yawn”) (< Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₂-) or χώρα (khṓra, “open space, place”). Beekes additionally compares Baltic and Germanic words for “palate”: Old High German guomo, goumo, Old Norse gómr, Lithuanian gomurỹs < ? PIE *ǵʰeh₂-mn-.

χᾰ́ος • (kháos) n (genitive χᾰ́εος or χᾰ́ους); third declension (singular only, uncountable)

1. chaos, the primordial state of existence
2. space, air
3. abyss, chasm
4. infinite darkness

Normally, only in singular; but χάη occasionally found.

• Greek: χάος (cháos)
• → English: chaos
• → Armenian: քաոս (kʻaos)
• → Dutch: gas
• → Georgian: ქაოსი (kaosi)
• → Latin: chaos
  • French: chaos
  • Italian: caos, caosse, cao
  • Portuguese: caos
  • Romanian: haos, caos
  • Spanish: caos
• → Russian: ха́о́с (xáós)
• → Old Ruthenian: хаосъ (xaos)
  • Belarusian: хао́с (xaós)
  • Carpathian Rusyn: ха́ос (xáos)
  • Ukrainian: ха́о́с (xáós)
• → Norwegian: kaos
• → Danish: kaos
• → Polish: chaos
• → Swedish: kaos
• → Finnish: kaaos
• → Japanese: カオス
• → Turkish: kaos

χᾰ́ος • (kháos) m or f (neuter χᾰ́ον); second declension

1. Alternative spelling of χάϊος (kháïos) "genuine, true"

• “χάος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “χάος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
• χάος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,006
• Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “χάος, -εος, -ους”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 1614
• Furnée, Edzard Johan (1979) Vorgriechisch-Kartvelisches: Studien zum ostmediterranen Substrat nebst einem Versuch zu einer neuen pelasgischen Theorie (in German), Editions Peeters, →ISBN, page 34, connects χᾰ́ος (kháos, “the primordial state of existence, space, abyss”) with Proto-Georgian-Zan *qew- (“ravine”)

Learned borrowing from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos). For sense disorder, mess, semantic loan from French chaos (in that sense) from Latin chaos, from Ancient Greek χάος (kháos).[1]

• IPA^(key): /ˈxa.os/
• Hyphenation: χά‧ος

χάος • (cháos) n

1. (singular only) chaos
2. (singular only, figuratively) disorder, mess
3. (singular only, mathematics) chaos

• Normally, there is no plural: no τα χάη (ta chái, “the chaoses”) outside of poetry.[2]

1. • Kostas Karyotakis, poem «Φύγε, η καρδιά μου νοσταλγεί» ("Go, my heart is nostalgic") from collection Ελεγεία και Σάτιρες (Elegia and Satires), published in 1927. (Greek text)

     Φύγε κι ἄσε με μοναχό, ποὺ βλέπω νὰ πληθαίνη
     ἀπάνω ἡ νύχτα, καὶ βαθιὰ νὰ γίνωνται τὰ χάη.

     Fýge ki áse me monachó, pou vlépo na plithaíni
     apáno i nýchta, kai vathiá na gínontai ta chái.

     Go and leave me alone looking at the growing
     night upon [me], and the deepening chaoses.

• (disorder, chaos): ακαταστασία f (akatastasía)

• η θεωρία του χάους (i theoría tou cháous, “the chaos theory”) (mathematics)
• χαοτικός (chaotikós, “chaotic”)

• χάος on the Greek Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^el