σάββατον

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Hebrew שַׁבָּת (šabbāṯ, “Sabbath”), or, alternatively, from Aramaic שַׁבְּתָא (šabbəṯā, “Sabbath”).[1]

Pronunciation

(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsab.ba.ton/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsaβ.βa.ton/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsav.va.ton/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsa.va.ton/

Noun

σάββατον • (sábbaton) n (genitive σαββάτου); second declension

Sabbath

Inflection

Second declension of τὸ σάββατον; τοῦ σαββάτου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Plural
Nominative	τὸ σάββατον tò sábbaton	τᾰ̀ σάββατᾰ tà sábbata
Genitive	τοῦ σαββάτου toû sabbátou	τῶν σαββάτων tôn sabbátōn
Dative	τῷ σαββάτῳ tôi sabbátōi	τοῖς σάββασῐ / σάββασῐν / σαββάτοις toîs sábbasi(n) / sabbátois
Accusative	τὸ σάββατον tò sábbaton	τᾰ̀ σάββατᾰ tà sábbata
Vocative	σάββατον sábbaton	σάββατᾰ sábbata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

σαββατίζω (sabbatízō) (> σαββατισμός (sabbatismós))
σαββάτωσις (sabbátōsis)

Descendants

Greek: Σάββατο (Sávvato)
Byzantine Greek: *σάμβατον (*sámbaton)
- Italiot Greek: samba
- → Coptic: ⲥⲁⲃⲃⲁⲧⲟⲛ (sabbaton)
- → Gothic: *𐍃𐌰𐌼𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍉 (*sambatō)
  - Old High German: sambaztag (see there for further descendants)
- → Latin: *sambatum (see there for further descendants)
- → Proto-Slavic: *sǫbota (see there for further descendants)
→ Gothic: 𐍃𐌰𐌱𐌱𐌰𐍄𐍉 (sabbatō)
→ Romani: sàvato
→ Old Armenian: սաբբատ (sabbat), սաբատ (sabat)
→ Mingrelian: საბატონი (sabaṭoni) (see there for further descendants)
→ Latin: sabbatum (see there for further descendants)
→ Laz: საბატონი (sabaťoni), საპატონი (sap̌aťoni)

References

Lily Kahn with Aaron D. Rubin (2016) chapter 8, in Handbook of Jewish Languages, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 201

Further reading

“Σάββατον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
σάββατον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
G4521 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible

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