νωθρός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From νωθής (nōthḗs, “sluggish, slothful”) +‎ -ρός (-rós, adjective suffix). The origin of νωθής (nōthḗs, “slow, indolent, stubborn”) is disputed. Proto-Indo-European *n̥- has been proposed to explain the initial, combined with the roots of ὄθομαι (óthomai, “to show consideration for others, fight shy of”), only used in connection with a negative particle, or ὠθέω (ōthéō, “to push, thrust, drive, throw back”) respectively. A genetical relation with Sanskrit आध्र (ādhrá, “poor, destitute, indigent, weak”), presupposing a *nh₃dh-ro-, is perhaps less improbable than generally thought. Compare also արհամարհ (arhamarh, “contemptible, low, poor, sorry”), an Iranian loan.

Pronunciation
 

Adjective

νωθρός • (nōthrós) m (feminine νωθρᾱ́, neuter νωθρόν); first/second declension

  1. sluggish, slothful
    Synonyms: νωθής (nōthḗs), νωχελής (nōkhelḗs)
  2. macking sluggish

Inflection
First and second declension of νωθρός; νωθρᾱ́; νωθρόν (Attic)
Number Singular Dual Plural
Case/Gender MasculineFeminine Neuter MasculineFeminine Neuter MasculineFeminine Neuter
Nominative νωθρός
nōthrós		 νωθρᾱ́
nōthrā́		 νωθρόν
nōthrón		 νωθρώ
nōthrṓ		 νωθρᾱ́
nōthrā́		 νωθρώ
nōthrṓ		 νωθροί
nōthroí		 νωθραί
nōthraí		 νωθρᾰ́
nōthrá
Genitive νωθροῦ
nōthroû		 νωθρᾶς
nōthrâs		 νωθροῦ
nōthroû		 νωθροῖν
nōthroîn		 νωθραῖν
nōthraîn		 νωθροῖν
nōthroîn		 νωθρῶν
nōthrôn		 νωθρῶν
nōthrôn		 νωθρῶν
nōthrôn
Dative νωθρῷ
nōthrôi		 νωθρᾷ
nōthrâi		 νωθρῷ
nōthrôi		 νωθροῖν
nōthroîn		 νωθραῖν
nōthraîn		 νωθροῖν
nōthroîn		 νωθροῖς
nōthroîs		 νωθραῖς
nōthraîs		 νωθροῖς
nōthroîs
Accusative νωθρόν
nōthrón		 νωθρᾱ́ν
nōthrā́n		 νωθρόν
nōthrón		 νωθρώ
nōthrṓ		 νωθρᾱ́
nōthrā́		 νωθρώ
nōthrṓ		 νωθρούς
nōthroús		 νωθρᾱ́ς
nōthrā́s		 νωθρᾰ́
nōthrá
Vocative νωθρέ
nōthré		 νωθρᾱ́
nōthrā́		 νωθρόν
nōthrón		 νωθρώ
nōthrṓ		 νωθρᾱ́
nōthrā́		 νωθρώ
nōthrṓ		 νωθροί
nōthroí		 νωθραί
nōthraí		 νωθρᾰ́
nōthrá
Derived forms Adverb Comparative Superlative
νωθρῶς
nōthrôs		 νωθρότερος
nōthróteros		 νωθρότᾰτος
nōthrótatos
Notes:
  • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms
  • νωθρείᾱ (nōthreíā)
  • νωθρεπῐθέτης (nōthrepithétēs)
  • νωθρεύω (nōthreúō)
  • νωθροκᾰ́ρδῐος (nōthrokárdios)
  • νωθροποιός (nōthropoiós)
  • νωθρότης (nōthrótēs)
  • νωθρώδης (nōthrṓdēs)
  • νωθρᾰ́ς (nōthrás)
  • νωθρῐᾰ́ω (nōthriáō)

Descendants
  • Greek: νωθρός (nothrós)

Further reading

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek νωθρός (nōthrós), from νωθής (nōthḗs, “sluggish, lazy”).

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /noˈθɾos/
  • Hyphenation: νω‧θρός

Adjective

νωθρός • (nothrós) m (feminine νωθρή, neuter νωθρό)

  1. sluggish, languid, lazy (having little motion, disinclined to move)
    • 1979, “Θεσσαλονίκη [Thessaloniki]”, in Nikos Kavvadias (lyrics), Thanos Mikroutsikos (music), Ο Σταυρός του Νότου [Southern Cross], performed by Giannis Koutras:
      Απάνω στο γιατάκι σου φίδι νωθρό κοιμάται,
      Και φέρνει βόλτες ψάχνοντας τα ρούχα σου η μαϊμού.
      Apáno sto giatáki sou fídi nothró koimátai,
      Kai férnei vóltes psáchnontas ta roúcha sou i maïmoú.
      On your bunk bed, a sluggish snake is sleeping,
      And the monkey goes about, searching through your clothes.
  2. (of a mind) dull, slow

Declension
Declension of νωθρός
number 
case \ gender 		 singular plural
masculine feminine neuter masculine feminine neuter
nominative νωθρός • νωθρή • νωθρό • νωθροί • νωθρές • νωθρά •
genitive νωθρού • νωθρής • νωθρού • νωθρών • νωθρών • νωθρών •
accusative νωθρό • νωθρή • νωθρό • νωθρούς • νωθρές • νωθρά •
vocative νωθρέ • νωθρή • νωθρό • νωθροί • νωθρές • νωθρά •
derivations Comparative: πιο + positive forms (e.g. πιο νωθρός, etc.)
Relative superlative: definite article + πιο + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο νωθρός, etc.)

Synonyms

Antonyms
  • (antonym(s) of “sluggish, languid”): εργατικός (ergatikós), φιλόπονος (filóponos), προκομμένος (prokomménos)

Derived terms
  • νωθρότητα f (nothrótita, “sluggishness, laziness”)
  • νωθρά (nothrá, “sluggishly, lazily”) (adverb)
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