καιρός
See also: καῖρος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Unclear.[1] Possibly related to κείρω (keírō). Might also be related to, or the source of, Albanian qëro (“time”) (an archaic term).
This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /kai̯.rós/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /kɛˈros/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /cɛˈros/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ceˈros/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ceˈros/
Noun
καιρός • (kairós) m (genitive καιροῦ); second declension (Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Koine)
- measure; proportion; fitness
- (of time): period (of time); season; time
- (often in a positive sense) proper time, opportunity; prime, the right moment, the fatal spot
- (loosely): God's time
- (in the plural) the times
- advantage, profit
Usage notes
Not found in Homer, though it is used by other early authors who wrote in Epic Greek: Hesiod and Theognis.
Inflection
| Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nominative | ὁ καιρός ho kairós |
τὼ καιρώ tṑ kairṓ |
οἱ καιροί hoi kairoí | ||||||||||
| Genitive | τοῦ καιροῦ toû kairoû |
τοῖν καιροῖν toîn kairoîn |
τῶν καιρῶν tôn kairôn | ||||||||||
| Dative | τῷ καιρῷ tôi kairôi |
τοῖν καιροῖν toîn kairoîn |
τοῖς καιροῖς toîs kairoîs | ||||||||||
| Accusative | τὸν καιρόν tòn kairón |
τὼ καιρώ tṑ kairṓ |
τοὺς καιρούς toùs kairoús | ||||||||||
| Vocative | καιρέ kairé |
καιρώ kairṓ |
καιροί kairoí | ||||||||||
| Notes: |
| ||||||||||||
Synonyms
- (time): χρόνος (khrónos)
Derived terms
- καίριος (kaírios)
- καιρόφιλος (kairóphilos)
- καιροφυλακέω (kairophulakéō)
- καιροτηρέω (kairotēréō)
References
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “καιρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 617
Further reading
- “καιρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “καιρός”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- καιρός in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
- “καιρός”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
- G2540 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
- καιρός in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- chance idem, page 123.
- conjuncture idem, page 160.
- crisis idem, page 184.
- decisive idem, page 201.
- emergency idem, page 268.
- field idem, page 317.
- high time idem, page 399.
- hour idem, page 408.
- moment idem, page 538.
- nick idem, page 558.
- occasion idem, page 568.
- opening idem, page 576.
- opportunity idem, page 576.
- period idem, page 607.
- room idem, page 721.
- scope idem, page 740.
- season idem, page 746.
- time idem, page 875.
- turn idem, page 901.
Greek
Etymology
Inherited from Ancient Greek καιρός (kairós, “the right moment”). The modern sense, since mediaeval times.[1]
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ceˈɾos/
- Hyphenation: και‧ρός
Noun
καιρός • (kairós) m (plural καιροί)
Declension
Synonyms
- (time): χρόνος m (chrónos)
Derived terms
- ανεπίκαιρος (anepíkairos, “untimely”)
References
- καιρός - Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], 1998, by the "Triantafyllidis" Foundation.
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