établir
French
Etymology
Inherited from Old French establir, inherited from Latin stabilīre.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.ta.bliʁ/
audio (file)
Verb
établir
- to make out (a bill), to draw up (a document etc.)
- to establish, to set up (a business, government, camp, reputation etc.)
- to demonstrate, establish (a fact, responsibility)
- (sports) to set (a record)
- to institute (a rule)
- (reflexive) to settle down
- (reflexive) (+ preposition à) to stand at (about a statistic)
- (reflexive, biology) to colonize
- (uncommon) to become part of common usage
Conjugation
This is a regular verb of the second conjugation, like finir, choisir, and most other verbs with infinitives ending in -ir. One salient feature of this conjugation is the repeated appearance of the infix -iss-.
Conjugation of établir (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| infinitive | simple | établir | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| present participle or gerund1 | simple | établissant /e.ta.bli.sɑ̃/ | |||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| past participle | établi /e.ta.bli/ | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle, on | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | établis /e.ta.bli/ |
établis /e.ta.bli/ |
établit /e.ta.bli/ |
établissons /e.ta.bli.sɔ̃/ |
établissez /e.ta.bli.se/ |
établissent /e.ta.blis/ |
| imperfect | établissais /e.ta.bli.sɛ/ |
établissais /e.ta.bli.sɛ/ |
établissait /e.ta.bli.sɛ/ |
établissions /e.ta.bli.sjɔ̃/ |
établissiez /e.ta.bli.sje/ |
établissaient /e.ta.bli.sɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | établis /e.ta.bli/ |
établis /e.ta.bli/ |
établit /e.ta.bli/ |
établîmes /e.ta.blim/ |
établîtes /e.ta.blit/ |
établirent /e.ta.bliʁ/ | |
| future | établirai /e.ta.bli.ʁe/ |
établiras /e.ta.bli.ʁa/ |
établira /e.ta.bli.ʁa/ |
établirons /e.ta.bli.ʁɔ̃/ |
établirez /e.ta.bli.ʁe/ |
établiront /e.ta.bli.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | établirais /e.ta.bli.ʁɛ/ |
établirais /e.ta.bli.ʁɛ/ |
établirait /e.ta.bli.ʁɛ/ |
établirions /e.ta.bli.ʁjɔ̃/ |
établiriez /e.ta.bli.ʁje/ |
établiraient /e.ta.bli.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | établisse /e.ta.blis/ |
établisses /e.ta.blis/ |
établisse /e.ta.blis/ |
établissions /e.ta.bli.sjɔ̃/ |
établissiez /e.ta.bli.sje/ |
établissent /e.ta.blis/ |
| imperfect2 | établisse /e.ta.blis/ |
établisses /e.ta.blis/ |
établît /e.ta.bli/ |
établissions /e.ta.bli.sjɔ̃/ |
établissiez /e.ta.bli.sje/ |
établissent /e.ta.blis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | établis /e.ta.bli/ |
— | établissons /e.ta.bli.sɔ̃/ |
établissez /e.ta.bli.se/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 The French gerund is usable only with the preposition en. | |||||||
2 In less formal writing or speech, these tenses may be found to have been replaced in the following way:
(Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Derived terms
Related terms
Further reading
- “établir”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
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