áel
Middle Irish
Etymology
From Old Irish áel, perhaps from the same source as Proto-Germanic *ēlō (“awl”).[1] See also Sanskrit आरा (ārā, “shoemaker's knife”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ɯːl/
Noun
áel m
- trident
- meatfork, flesh-fork
- c. 1000, Anonymous, published in (1935) Rudolf Thurneysen, editor, Scéla Mucca Meic Dathó (in Middle Irish), Dublin: Staionery Office, § 1, l. 13, page 2: “In fer no·t⟨h⟩ēged iarsint ṡligi do·bered in n-aēl isin coiri, ocus a·taibred din chētgabāil, iss ed no·ithed. ― Each man who came along the passage would put the flesh-fork into the cauldron, and whatever he got at the first taking, it was that which he ate. (literally, “The man who…”)”
Mutation
| Middle Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| áel | unchanged | n-áel |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “áel”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language, Stirling, →ISBN
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 áel”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
Old Irish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈail/
Inflection
| Masculine o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | áel | áelL | aílL |
| Vocative | aíl | áelL | áeluH |
| Accusative | áelN | áelL | áeluH |
| Genitive | aílL | áel | áelN |
| Dative | áelL | áelaib | áelaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Etymology 2
Matasović reconstructs a Proto-Celtic *ausetlom, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂ews- (“to scoop”),[1] but he does not explain how this word fails to leave any trace of au- or ó, the normal reflexes of Proto-Celtic *au- in Old Irish.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈa.əl/
Inflection
| Neuter o-stem | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | Dual | Plural | |
| Nominative | áelN | áelN | áelL, áela |
| Vocative | áelN | áelN | áelL, áela |
| Accusative | áelN | áelN | áelL, áela |
| Genitive | aïlL | áel | áelN |
| Dative | aíulL | áelaib | áelaib |
Initial mutations of a following adjective:
| |||
Mutation
| Old Irish mutation | ||
|---|---|---|
| Radical | Lenition | Nasalization |
| áel | unchanged | n-áel |
| Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. | ||
References
- Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*awsetlo-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 48
Further reading
- G. Toner, M. Ní Mhaonaigh, S. Arbuthnot, D. Wodtko, M.-L. Theuerkauf, editors (2019), “2 áel”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
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