< Motivation and emotion < Tutorials

Tutorial 04: Psychological needs

Resource type: this resource contains a tutorial or tutorial notes.

This is the fourth tutorial for the Motivation and emotion unit of study.

Overview

This tutorial:

  1. considers basic psychological needs
  2. discusses Deci and Ryan's taxonomy of motivation
  3. demonstrates social contributions

Needs

Brainstorm and discuss:

  1. What are needs?
    Needs are requirements for physiological and psychological health and well-being (e.g., eating (nutrients/energy), hydration, temperature, sleeping).
  2. How do needs differ from desires, wants, likes etc.?
    Needs are essential for survival and well-being whereas desires, wants, likes etc. are motivations for non-essential stimuli (e.g., an umbrella in the rain).
  3. What types of needs are there?
    Needs can be classified as physiological, psychological and implicit (social) (Reeve 2018). Another useful distinction is between deficit and growth needs.
  4. What are the basic psychological needs?
    According to self-determination theory: autonomy, competence, and relatedness

Extrinsic and intrinsic motivation

  1. The extrinsic-intrinsic motivational distinction is widely recognised and accepted. However, it risks being overly simplistic. Discuss:
    1. What characterises extrinsic motivation (EM)? What are some examples?
    2. What characterises intrinsic motivation (IM)? What are some examples?
    3. What are some advantages of conceptualising motivation in this way?
      (e.g., simple, easy to understand, helps with research designs)
    4. What are some disadvantages of conceptualising motivation in this way?
      (e.g., motivational sources are often complex and dynamic, involving aspects of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivation)
    5. Deci and Ryan (2000)'s taxonomy of motivation (Figure 1) describes a motivational spectrum including amotivation, four types of extrinsic motivation, and intrinsic motivation.
    6. What are each of the types motivation described by Deci and Ryan's taxonomy? Handout a blanked version of Deci and Ryan's taxonomy and facilitate the class to define, discuss, and generate examples for each of the components:
      1. Amotivation
      2. Extrinsic motivation
        1. External regulation
        2. Introjection
        3. Identification
        4. Integration
      3. Intrinsic motivation

Topic development - Marking criteria

Social contributions

  • Have you made a social contribution and summarised it on your Wikiversity user page?
  • What are “social contributions”?
  • Why social contributions?
    • Reward student engagement
    • Encourage and support peer feedback
    • Enhance communication skills
  • How to make social contributions
    • Contributions can be made via:
      • Wikiversity book chapter (past and present)
        • Editing
        • Commenting
      • UCLearn discussion forum posts
      • Twitter - use #emot21
    • Summarise contributions on Wikiversity user page with links to evidence
    • More info: Social contribution
Other useful Wikiversity features

Recording

See also

Extra tutorial exercises
Lectures and tutorials

References

Deci, R. M., & Ryan, E. L. (2000). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivations: Classic definitions and new directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 25(1), 54-67. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1020 Full pdf
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