< Mimicry in Butterflies

PLATE I
ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

1. Pareronia ceylonica (Pieridae)
2. ""
3. Danais septentrionis (Danainae)
4. Papilio xenocles (Papilionidae)
5. Hypolimnas bolina (Nymphalinae)
6. ""
7. Papilio clytia var. dissimilis (Papilionidae)
8. "" var. lankeswara
9. Elymnias singhala (Satyrinae)
10. Euploea core (Danainae)
× ⅔ Plate I
ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

PLATE II
ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

1. Delias eucharis (Pieridae)
2. Caduga tytia (Danainae)
3. Papilio agestor (Papilionidae)
4. Euploea mulciber (Danainae)
5. ""
6. Elymnias malelas (Satyrinae)
7. ""
8. Euploea rhadamanthus (Danainae)
9. Papilio mendax (Papilionidae)
× ⅔ Plate II
ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

PLATE III
ORIENTAL MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES

The three upper figures are those of moths, and the three lower ones are those of butterflies.
1. Alcidis agathyrsus (New Guinea)
2. Papilio laglaizei ""
The moth is here supposed to serve as a model for the far rarer Papilio.
3. Cyclosia hestinioides
4. Ideopsis daos
The butterfly is very common and must be regarded as the model, the rarer moth as the mimic.
5. Epicopeia polydora (Assam)
6. Papilio bootes "
Both of these species are to be regarded as mimics of the abundant Pharmacophagus Papilio, P. polyxenus, which is very like P. bootes in appearance.
× ⅔ Plate III
ORIENTAL MOTHS AND BUTTERFLIES

PLATE IV
ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

1. Danais chrysippus (Danainae)
2. " plexippus
3. Argynnis hyperbius (Nymphalinae)
4. ""
5. Elymnias undularis (Satyrinae)
6. ""
7. Hypolimnas misippus (Nymphalinae)
8. ""

The two Danaids together with the females of the other three species form a "mimicry ring." For explanation see text, pp. 65-69.

× ¾ Plate IV
ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

PLATE V
ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

1. Papilio polytes
2. " " ♀, var. cyrus (M form)
3. " " ♀, var. polytes (A form)
4. " " ♀, var. romulus (H form)
5. " aristolochiae
6. " hector

The specimens figured on this plate were taken in Ceylon where they are all plentiful. Figures 1a—6a represent the under surfaces of the hind wings belonging to specimens 1—6.

× ¾ Plate V
ORIENTAL BUTTERFLIES

PLATE VI
AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES
(except A. levana, Figs. 8—10, which is European)

1. Danais petiverana (Danainae)
2. Papilio leonidas (Papilionidae)
3. Amauris hyalites (Danainae)
4. Papilio leonidas var. brasidas (Papilionidae)
5. Pseudacraea boisduvali (Nymphalinae)
6. Papilio ridleyanus (Papilionidae)
7. Acraea egina (Acraeinae)
8. Araschnia levana var. porima
9. "" var. prorsa
10. ""
11. Precis octavia var. sesamus
12. "" var. natalensis
× ⅔ Plate VI
AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES

PLATE VII
TROPICAL AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES

1. Planema macarista (Acraeinae)
2. "" "
3. " tellus "
4. " paragea "
5. " epaea "
6. Pseudacraea hobleyi (Nymphalinae)
7. "" "
8. " terra "
9. Elymnias phegea (Satyrinae)
10. Papilio cynorta (Papilionidae)

(Note. Pseudacraea hobleyi and P. terra (Figs. 6—8) were at one time regarded as separate species. More recently they have been shewn to be forms of the polymorphic species, Pseudacraea eurytus.)

× ⅔ Plate VII
TROPICAL AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES

PLATE VIII
AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES

1. Papilio dardanus
2. "" ♀, var. trophonius
3. "" ♀, var. hippocoon
4. "" ♀, var. cenea
5. Danais chrysippus (Danainae)
6. Amauris niavius "
7. " echeria "
8. Hypolimnas dubius var. mima (Nymphalinae)
9. """ var. wahlbergi "
× 35 Plate VIII
AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES

× 35 Plate IX
AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES
Danais chrysippus Acraea encedon Hypolimnas misippus
a. Typical form d. Typical form g. Typical form
b. Alcippus form e. Alcippina form h. Alcippoides form
c. Dorippus form f. Daira form i. Inaria form
(After Aurivillius)

PLATE X
SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

1. Dismorphia cretacea (Pieridae)
2. " praxinoe "
3. "" "
4. Perrhybris malenka "
5. "" ♂ (under surface) "
6. "" "
7. Mechanitis saturata (Ithomiinae)
8. Papilio zagreus (Papilionidae)
9. Protogonius tithoreides (Nymphalinae)
10. Tithorea pseudonyma (Ithomiinae)

(Note. The figure of the Mechanitis (Fig. 7) is taken from a rather worn specimen. The quality of the orange brown is better shewn by the specimen illustrated in Fig. 7 on Plate XV.)

× ⅔ Plate X
SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

PLATE XI
SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

1. Heliconius sulphurea (Heliconinae)
2. Papilio pausanias (Papilionidae)
3. Heliconius telesiphe (Heliconinae)
4. Colaenis telesiphe (Nymphalinae)
5. Heliconius melpomene (Heliconinae)
6. Pereute charops (Pieridae)
7. "" "
8. Papilio osyris (Papilionidae)
9. "" "
10. Archonias critias (Pieridae)
× ⅔ Plate XI
SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

Plate XII
SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

Plate XIII
MODELS MIMICS
1. Papilio nephalion 4. Papilio lysithous var. lysithous
2. " chamissonia 5. " " var. rurik
3. " perrhebus 6. " " var. pomponius

(For further details of this case see Jordan, Ier Congr. Internat. d'Entomologie, Bruxelles, 1911, p. 396.)


Plate XIV
Microphotographs of the scales of various Lepidoptera in the S. American "Transparency group."

For explanation see text, pp. 39-42.


PLATE XV
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES
Illustrating the closely parallel series of patterns occurring in the two distinct groups Heliconinae and Ithomiinae.

1. Heliconius mirus
2. " telchinia
3. " eucrate
4. " pardalinus
5. " splendens
6. Mechanitis elisa
7. " saturata
8. " lysimnia
9. " egaensis
10. " methona
× ⅔ Plate XV
CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

PLATE XVI
NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES

1. Papilio philenor (Papilionidae)
2. " troilus "
3. Argynnis diana (Nymphalinae)
4. Limenitis arthemis "
5. " astyanax "
6. " archippus "
7. " floridensis (= eros) "
8. Danais archippus (Danainae)
9. " berenice "
× ⅔ Plate XVI
NORTH AMERICAN BUTTERFLIES
This article is issued from Wikisource. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.