< Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition
Volume III
Athens — Boissonade
At – Az B – Ba Bd – Be Bh - Bo
  • B, the second letter of the alphabet.
  • Baader, Franz Xaver von, German philosopher.
  • Baal, title of Semitic deities.
  • Baalbec, ancient town, Syria.
  • Babatag, town, Bulgaria.
  • Babbage, Charles, English mathematician.
  • Babel, of Scripture.
  • Bab-el-Mandeb, strait, Red Sea.
  • Baber (Zehir-ed-din Mohammed), founder of Mogul dynasty.
  • Babeuf, François-Noel, French socialist.
  • Babi, Mohammedan sect in Persia.
  • Baboons, genus of ungulate mammals.
  • Babrius, or Babrias, Greek fabulist.
  • Babylon, city.
  • Babylonia and Assyria.
  • Baccarat, town, France.
  • Bacchiglione, river, Italy.
  • Bacchus, Roman god (the Greek Dionysus).
  • Bacchylides, Greek poet.
  • Baccio della Porta, Italian painter.
  • Bach, Johann-Sebastian, German musician.
  • Bach, Karl Philipp Emmanuel, German musical composer.
  • Bache, Alexander Dallas, American physicist.
  • Bachelor.
  • Bachian (Batchian), island, Indian archipelago.
  • Backgammon, game.
  • Backhuysen, Ludolf, Dutch painter.
  • Bacon, Francis (Lord Verulam), lord chancellor of England and philosopher.
  • Bacon, John, English sculptor.
  • Bacon, Sir Nicholas, keeper of the great seal.
  • Bacon, Roger, English philosopher and scientist.
  • Baconthorpe, John, learned English monk.
  • Bacsanyi, Janos, Hungarian poet.
  • Bactria, or Bactriana, ancient country.
  • Bacup, town, England.
  • Badajos, province and town, Spain.
  • Badakhshan, country, Central Asia.
  • Badalocchio, Sisto (Rosa), Italian painter.
  • Baden, grand-duchy, Germany.
  • Baden, town, Germany.
  • Baden, town, Switzerland.
  • Baden, town, Austria.
  • Badger, group of small carnivorous mammals.
  • Badia y Leblich, Domingo, Spanish traveller.
  • Badius, Jodocus or Josse, Belgian printer.
  • Badminton, game.
  • Badnur, town, India.
  • Badrinath, town and temple, India.
  • Baena, town, Spain.
  • Baeza, town, Spain.
  • Baffin, William, English navigator.
  • Baffin's Bay, North America.
  • Bagatelle, game.
  • Baggesen, Jens Emmanuel, Danish humorist.
  • Baghdad, province, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Baghdad, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Baghermi, or Bagirmi, district, Central Africa.
  • Baghmati, or Bagmati, river, India.
  • Baglivi, Giorgio, Italian physician.
  • Bagnacavallo, Bartolommeo, Italian painter.
  • Bagnères-de-Bigorre, town, France.
  • Bagnères-de-Luchon, town, France.
  • Bagpipe, musical instrument.
  • Bagration, Prince Peter, Russian general.
  • Bahamas, islands, West Indies.
  • Bahia, province, Brazil.
  • Bahia, town, Brazil.
  • Bahrdt, Karl Friedrich, German theologian.
  • Bahrein, island, Persian Gulf.
  • Baiæ, ancient town, Italy.
  • Baiburt, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Baif, Jean Antoine de, French poet.
  • Baikal, Lake, Siberia.
  • Baikie, William Balfour, African explorer.
  • Bail, in law.
  • Bailen, or Baylen, town, Spain.
  • Bailey, or Baily, Nathaniel, English lexicographer.
  • Bailey, Samuel, English philosopher.
  • Baillet, Adrien, French writer.
  • Bailleul, town, France.
  • Baillie, Joanna, English writer.
  • Bailey, Matthew, anatomist and physician.
  • Baillie, Robert, Scottish Presbyterian divine.
  • Bailly, Jean Sylvain, French astronomer and Revolutionist.
  • Baily, Edward Hodges, English sculptor.
  • Baily, Francis, English astronomer.
  • Bainbridge, John, English physician and astronomer.
  • Baines, Edward, English journalist.
  • Baines, Matthew Talbot, English lawyer.
  • Baini, Giuseppe, Italian musician.
  • Bairam, Turkish festival.
  • Baird, Sir David, British general.
  • Baireuth, or Bayreuth, town, Bavaria.
  • Baja, town, Hungary.
  • Bajazet, or Bayezid, I., Turkish sultan.
  • Bajazet II., Turkish sultan.
  • Bajus, Michael (De Bay), Belgian theologian.
  • Bajza, Joseph, Hungarian poet.
  • Bakarganj, district, India.
  • Baker, Henry, English physicist.
  • Baker, Sir Richard, English chronicler.
  • Baker, Thomas, English antiquary.
  • Bakewell, town, England.
  • Bakhchisarai, or Baghtchasarai, town, Russia.
  • Bakhmut, town, Russia.
  • Baking.
  • Baku, government and town, Russia.
  • Bala, town, Wales.
  • Balaam, of Scripture.
  • Balaghat, district, Central India.
  • Balance, measuring apparatus.
  • Balance of Power.
  • Balasor, district & town, India.
  • Balbi, Adrian, Italian geographer.
  • Balbo, Cesare, Italian writer and statesman.
  • Balboa, Vasco Nuñez de, Spanish navigator and explorer.
  • Balbriggan, town, Ireland.
  • Balde, Jakob, modern Latin poet.
  • Baldi, Bernardino, Italian mathematician.
  • Baldinger, Ernest Gottfried, German physician.
  • Baldinucci, Filippo, Italian writer.
  • Baldovinetti, Alessio, Italian painter.
  • Balduinus, Jacobus, Italian jurist.
  • Baldur, or Balder, Norse divinity.
  • Baldus, Italian jurist.
  • Baldwin, Thomas, archbishop of Canterbury.
  • Bale, John, bishop of Ossory.
  • Balearic Islands, Spain.
  • Bales, Peter, shorthand writer.
  • Balfe, Michael William, musical composer.
  • Balfour, Sir James, Scottish antiquary.
  • Balfour, Sir James, Scottish judge.
  • Balfour, Robert, Scottish scholar.
  • Balfroosh, town, Persia.
  • Balguy, John.
  • Bali, island, Indian archipelago.
  • Baliol, or Balliol, Sir John de, English baron.
  • Balkan Mountains, Turkey.
  • Balkh, river and province, Afghanistan.
  • Ball, John, English Puritan divine.
  • Ballads.
  • Ballanche, Pierre Simon, French moralist.
  • Ballarat, town, Australia.
  • Ballari (Bellary), district and town, India.
  • Ballater, village, Scotland.
  • Ballenstedt, town, Germany.
  • Ballet, theatrical representation.
  • Ballina, town, Ireland.
  • Ballinasloe, town, Ireland.
  • Balloon (See Aeronautics).
  • Ballot, system of voting.
  • Ballycastle, town, Ireland.
  • Ballymena, town, Ireland.
  • Ballyshannon, town, Ireland.
  • Balmez, or Balmes, Jaime Lucien, Spanish writer.
  • Balmoral Castle, Aberdeenshire, Scotland.
  • Balnaves, Henry, Scottish Protestant.
  • Balsam, oleo-resin.
  • Balta, town, Russia.
  • Baltard, Louis Pierre, French engraver.
  • Baltic Sea.
  • Baltimore, town, Maryland, U.S.A.
  • Baluchistan, country, Asia.
  • Balue, Jean, French cardinal.
  • Baluze, Étienne, French scholar.
  • Balzac, Honoré de, French novelist.
  • Balzac, Jean Louis Guez de, French writer.
  • Bamba, province of Congo, Africa.
  • Bambarra, country, Soudan, Africa.
  • Bambarra, town, Soudan, Africa.
  • Bamberg, town, Bavaria.
  • Bamboccio (See Laer, Peter van).
  • Bamboo, plant.
  • Bamborough, village, England.
  • Bambouk, country, West Africa.
  • Bamian, ancient town, Afghanistan.
  • Bampton, John, English divine, founder of Bampton Lectures.
  • Banana, plant and fruit.
  • Banat, district, Hungary.
  • Banbridge, town, Ireland.
  • Banbury, town, England.
  • Banca, island, Indian Archipelago.
  • Bancroft, Richard, archbishop of Canterbury.
  • Banda, district, India.
  • Banda Islands, Indian Archipelago.
  • Bandello, Matteo, Italian novelist.
  • Bandinelli, Bartolommeo, Italian sculptor.
  • Bandini, Angelo Maria, Italian writer.
  • Bandon, town, Ireland.
  • Banff, town, Scotland.
  • Banffshire, county, Scotland.
  • Bangalore, town, India.
  • Bangkok, town, Siam.
  • Bangor, town, Wales.
  • Bangor, town, Ireland.
  • Bangor, town, Maine, U.S.A.
  • Banialuka, town, Turkey.
  • Banim, John and Michael, Irish novelists.
  • Banjarmassin, district and town, Borneo.
  • Banking.
    • Foundation and Early History of the Bank of England.
    • Progress of Banking in England down to Restriction Order of 1797.
    • Suspension of Cash Payments in 1797.
    • History of Banking from the Resumption of Cash Payments to the Crisis of 1825.
    • Legislation of 1826—Suppression of £1 Notes—Joint-Stock Banks of Issue authorized.
    • Act of 1844—Objections to and Defence of that Act—Suspensions of in 1847, 1857, and 1866.
    • Different Species of Banks—The Clearing-house—Authorization of Banks with Limited Liability.
    • Present Management of the Bank of England.
    • Scotch Banks.
    • Banking in Ireland.
    • Bank of Amsterdam.
    • The Bank of France.
    • Banking in the United States.
    • Banking in Germany.
  • Bankruptcy, in law.
    • Bankruptcy in the United States.
  • Banks, Sir Joseph, president of the Royal Society.
  • Bankura, district and town, India.
  • Bann, river, Ireland.
  • Banneret, Knight, grade of knighthood.
  • Bannockburn, town, Scotland.
  • Banswara, tributary state, India.
  • Bantam, residency, Java.
  • Bantry, town, Ireland.
  • Banu, district, India.
  • Banyan, tree.
  • Baphomet, alleged symbol of Knights Templars.
  • Baptism, Christian sacrament.
  • Baptistery, chapel for baptism.
  • Baptists, religious denomination.
  • Bar, town, Russian Poland.
  • Bar-Hebræus (Abulfaragius, q.v.), Syriac and Arabic writer.
  • Bar-le-Duc, town, France.
  • Bar-sur-Aube, town, France.
  • Bar-sur-Seine, town, France.
  • Bara Banki, district, India.
  • Barahat, town, India.
  • Barante, Amable G. P., French statesman.
  • Baranya, province, Hungary.
  • Baranzano, Jean Antoine, Italian scientist.
  • Barasat, town, India.
  • Baratière, Jean Philip, precocious scholar.
  • Baratynski, Jewgenij Abramovitch, Russian poet.
  • Barbacena, town, Brazil.
  • Barbados, island, West Indies.
  • Barbarossa, Aruch and Khair ed-Din, Turkish corsairs.
  • Barbary, country, North Africa.
  • Barbastro, town, Spain.
  • Barbauld, Anna Letitia, English writer.
  • Barber.
  • Barberini, Italian family.
  • Barbeyrac, Jean, French jurist.
  • Barbieri, Giovanni Francesco (Guercino), Italian painter.
  • Barbieri, Paolo Antonio, Italian painter.
  • Barbour, John, Scottish poet.
  • Barbuda, island, West Indies.
  • Barca, district, North Africa.
  • Barca (El-Medinah), ancient town, Cyrenaica, North Africa.
  • Barcelona, town, Spain.
  • Barclay, Alexander, English poet.
  • Barclay, John, author of Argenis.
  • Barclay, John, Scottish anatomist.
  • Barclay, John, founder of a Scottish sect.
  • Barclay, Robert, Scottish Quaker and writer.
  • Barclay, William, Scottish jurist.
  • Barclay de Tolly, Michael, Russian general.
  • Bar-Cochebas, Jewish leader.
  • Bard, ancient Celtic poet.
  • Bardesanes (Bar-Deisan), Gnostic and Syriac writer.
  • Bardili, Christoph Gottfried, German metaphysician.
  • Bardsey, island, Wales.
  • Bardwan, district and town, India.
  • Baréges, town, France.
  • Bareli, or Bareilly, district and town, India.
  • Barère de Vieuzac, Bertrand, French Revolutionist.
  • Baretti, Giuseppi, Italian critic.
  • Barfleur, town, France.
  • Barham, Richard Harris, English humorist.
  • Bari, Terra di, province and town, Italy.
  • Barking, town, England.
  • Barlaam and Josaphat, Sts, Story of.
  • Barletta, town, Italy.
  • Barley, cereal plant.
  • Barlow, Joel, American poet.
  • Barlow, Peter, English mathematician.
  • Barmecides, Persian family.
  • Barmen, town, Rhenish Prussia.
  • Barnabas, St Paul's companion.
  • Barnabas, Epistle of, early Christian work (See Apostolic Fathers and Gospels).
  • Barnard Castle, town, England.
  • Barnaul, town, Siberia.
  • Barnave, Antoine Pierre, French orator.
  • Barnes, Albert, American expositor.
  • Barnes, Joshua, English scholar.
  • Barnet, town, England.
  • Barneveldt, Jan van Olden.
  • Barnsley, town, England.
  • Barnstable, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
  • Barnstaple, town, England.
  • Barocchio, Giacomo da Vignola, Italian architect.
  • Barocci, or Baroccio, Federigo, Italian painter.
  • Baroda, town, India.
  • Barometer.
    • Barometrical Measurements of Heights.
  • Baron, title of nobility.
  • Baronet, title of nobility.
  • Baronius, Cæsar, church historian
  • Barquisimeto, town, Venezuela.
  • Barr, town, Alsace, Germany.
  • Barra, island, Hebrides, Scotland.
  • Barrackpur, subdivision and town, India.
  • Barracks, for soldiers.
  • Barras, Comte de, French revolutionist.
  • Barrhead, town, Scotland.
  • Barri, Gerald de (Geraldus Cambrensis), ecclesiastic and historian.
  • Barrington, First Viscount, theologian.
  • Barristers, English legal pleaders.
  • Barros, João de, Portuguese historian.
  • Barrow-in-Furness, town, England.
  • Barrow, Isaac, English mathematician and divine.
  • Barrow, Sir John, English writer and administrator.
  • Barrows, sepulchral mounds.
  • Barrow's Straits, Polar Sea.
  • Barry, Sir Charles, English architect.
  • Barry, James, Irish painter.
  • Bars, county, Hungary.
  • Bartan, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Bartas, Guillaume de Salluste du, French poet.
  • Bartfeld, or Bartfa, town, Hungary.
  • Barth, Heinrich, African explorer.
  • Barth, Jean, French admiral.
  • Barthélemy, Auguste Marseille, French writer.
  • Barthélemy, Jean Jacques, French writer.
  • Barthez, or Barthès, Paul Joseph, French physician.
  • Bartholinus, Gaspard, Swedish writer.
  • Bartholinus, Thomas, Swedish physiologist.
  • Bartholomew, St, apostle.
  • Bartolini, Lorenzo, Italian sculptor.
  • Bartolozzi, Francesco, Italian engraver.
  • Bartolus, Italian jurist.
  • Barton, Benjamin Smith, American naturalist.
  • Barton, Elizabeth (Maid of Kent), religious enthusiast.
  • Baruch, of Scripture.
  • Barytes, or Baryta, oxide of barium.
  • Base Ball, game.
  • Basedow, Johann Bernard, German educationist.
  • Basel (Bâle, or Basle), canton and town, Switzerland.
  • Basel, The Council of (1431–43).
  • Bashan, country of Scripture, in Syria.
  • Bashkirs, people, Russia.
  • Basil, the Great, early theologian.
  • Basilica, Basilicas, in architecture.
  • Basilica, Greek code of laws.
  • Basilicata, province, Italy.
  • Basilides, Gnostic teacher.
  • Basilisk, fabulous animal.
  • Basingstoke, town, England.
  • Baskerville, John, English printer.
  • Basket.
  • Basnage, Jacques, Protestant pastor.
  • Basque Provinces, Spain.
  • Bass Rock, islet, Firth of Forth, Scotland.
  • Bass's Straits, Australia.
  • Bassahir, state, India.
  • Bassano, town, Italy.
  • Bassano, Giacomo da Ponte, Italian painter.
  • Basseterre, town, St Christopher, West Indies.
  • Basse Terre, district and town, Guadeloupe, West Indies.
  • Bassein, district & town, India.
  • Basselin, Olivier, French poet.
  • Bassi, Laura Maria Caterina, learned Italian lady.
  • Bassianus, Joannes, Italian jurist.
  • Bassoon, musical instrument.
  • Basso-Rilievo (See Alto Rilievo and Relief).
  • Bastar, feudatory state, India.
  • Bastard.
  • Bastí, district and town, India.
  • Bastia, town, Corsica.
  • Bastiat, Frédéric.
  • Bastille, fortress, Paris.
  • Bastwick, John, English physician and anti-Catholic.
  • Bat, chiropterous mammal.
  • Batavia, town, Java.
  • Bates, William, English Nonconformist divine.
  • Bath, town, England.
  • Bath, town, Maine, U.S.A.
  • Bath, Order of the.
  • Bathgate, town, Scotland.
  • Baths.
  • Bathurst, town, New South Wales.
  • Bathurst, Earl of, English statesman.
  • Bathurst, Ralph, English poet, physician, and divine.
  • Bathycles, Greek sculptor.
  • Baton-Rouge, town, Louisiana, U.S.A.
  • Batoni, Pompeo Girolamo, Italian painter.
  • Batrachia (See Amphibia).
  • Batrachus, Greek architect.
  • Battalion, body of infantry.
  • Battas, or Battaks, race of people, Sumatra.
  • Battering Ram, military engine.
  • Battery, of artillery.
  • Battery, in law.
  • Batteux, Charles, French writer on art.
  • Batticaloa, town, Ceylon.
  • Battle, engagement between armies.
  • Battle, town, England.
  • Battus, king of Cyrene, Africa.
  • Batu Islands, Sumatra.
  • Batum, or Batoum, seaport, Transcaucasia, Russia.
  • Baudelaire, Charles, French poet.
  • Bauhin, Gaspard, French botanist.
  • Bauhin, Jean, French botanist.
  • Baumé, Antoine, French chemist.
  • Baumgarten, Alexander Gottlieb, German philosopher.
  • Baumgarten-Crusius, Ludwig F. O., German theologian.
  • Baur, Ferdinand Christian, German theologian.
  • Bautain, Louis E. M., French philosopher and theologian.
  • Bautzen, town, Germany.
  • Bavaria.
  • Baxar, or Buxar, town, India.
  • Baxter, Andrew, Scottish metaphysician.
  • Baxter, Richard, English divine.
  • Bayard, Pierre du Terrail, Chevalier de.
  • Bayazid, town, Armenia.
  • Bayeux, town, France.
  • Bayle, Pierre, lexicographer.
  • Bayonet, weapon (See Arms and Armour).
  • Bayonne, town, France.
  • Baza, town, Spain.
  • Bazard, Armand, French socialist.
  • Bazígars, tribe, India.
  • Bazzi, Giannantonio (Il Sodoma, q.v.), Italian painter.
  • Bdellium, gum-resin.
  • Beachy Head, promontory, England.
  • Beaconsfield, town, England.
  • Bead, ornament.
  • Bean, leguminous plant.
  • Bear, carnivorous mammal.
  • Bear Lake, Great, Canada.
  • Beard.
  • Béarn, province, France.
  • Beaton, David, Scottish cardinal.
  • Beattie, James, Scottish poet and essayist.
  • Beaucaire, town, France.
  • Beauchamp, Alphonse de, French historian.
  • Beaumanoir, Philippe de, French jurist.
  • Beaumarchais, Pierre Augustin Caron, French dramatist.
  • Beaumaris, town, Wales.
  • Beaumont and Fletcher, English dramatists.
  • Beaune, town, France.
  • Beausobre, Isaac de, French Protestant writer.
  • Beauvais, town, France.
  • Beaver, rodent mammal.
  • Beccafumi, Domenico, Italian painter.
  • Beccaria, Marquis, Italian jurist and economist.
  • Beccaria, Giovanni Battista, Italian astronomer.
  • Beccles, town, England.
  • Becerra, Gaspar, Spanish painter and sculptor.
  • Bêche-de-Mer, or Trepang, edible echinoderm.
  • Becher, Johann Joachim, German chemist.
  • Bechwana, or Bechuanas, Negro tribes.
  • Beck, David, Dutch painter.
  • Becker, Wilhelm Adolf, German archæologist.
  • Becket, Thomas (À Becket, Thomas, q.v.), archbishop of Canterbury.
  • Beckford, William, English writer.
  • Beckmann, Johann, German writer.
  • Bedarrieux, town, France.
  • Beddoes, Thomas, English physician.
  • Beddoes, Thomas Lovell, English dramatist.
  • Bede, early English historian.
  • Bedell, William, bishop of Kilmore.
  • Bedford, town, England.
  • Bedford Level, district, England.
  • Bedfordshire, county, England.
  • Bednor, town, India.
  • Bedouins, nomad Arabs (See Arabia).
  • Bee, insect.
    • Apiaries and Hives.
    • Bee-Keeping.
  • Beech, tree.
  • Beechey, Frederick William, Arctic explorer.
  • Beechey, Sir William, English painter.
  • Beelzebub.
  • Beer, beverage (See Brewing).
  • Beersheba, town, Palestine.
  • Beet, vegetable.
  • Beethoven, Ludwig van, musician.
  • Beetle, insect.
  • Begas, Karl, German painter.
  • Begbazaar, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Beghards & Beguines, communistic mystics.
  • Behar, province, India.
  • Behbehan, town, Persia.
  • Behem, or Behaim, Martin, cartographer and navigator.
  • Behistun, Persia, rock inscriptions at.
  • Behmen, Jakob (Boehme, q.v.), German mystic.
  • Behn, Aphra, English dramatist.
  • Behring's Island, North Pacific.
  • Behring's Strait.
  • Beira, province, Portugal.
  • Beit-el-Fakih, town, Arabia.
  • Beja, town, Portugal.
  • Bejar, town, Spain.
  • Beke, Charles T., English traveller.
  • Bekes, town, Hungary.
  • Bekker, Balthazar, Dutch theologian.
  • Bekker, or Wolff, Elizabeth, Dutch novelist.
  • Bekker, Immanuel, German philologist.
  • Bel (Baal, q.v.), Assyrian deity.
  • Bel, Matthias, Hungarian historian.
  • Bel and the Dragon, History of, in Apocrypha (See Apocrypha).
  • Bela, town, Baluchistan.
  • Belbeis, town, Upper Egypt.
  • Belem (See Lisbon).
  • Belfast, town, Ireland.
  • Belfort, town, France.
  • Belgam, or Belgaum, district, India.
  • Belgium.
  • Belgrade, town, Servia.
  • Belief.
  • Belisarius, Byzantine general.
  • Belize, town, British Honduras.
  • Belknap, Jeremy, American writer.
  • Bell, and bell manufacture.
  • Bell, Andrew, English educationist.
  • Bell, Sir Charles, English anatomist.
  • Bell, George Joseph, Scottish jurist.
  • Bell, Henry, Scottish mechanician.
  • Bell, Henry Glassford, Scottish writer.
  • Bell, John, Scottish traveller.
  • Bell, John, Scottish anatomist and surgeon.
  • Bell, Robert, editor of British poets.
  • Bella, Stefano de la, Italian engraver.
  • Belladonna, plant.
  • Bellai, Guillaume du, French general and writer.
  • Bellamy, Jacobus, Dutch poet.
  • Bellarmine, Robert F. R., cardinal.
  • Bellay, Joachim du, French poet.
  • Belle-Isle-en-Mer, island, west of France.
  • Belleau, Rémy, French pastoral poet.
  • Bellenden, John, Scottish poet.
  • Bellenden, William, French classical scholar.
  • Bellerophon, in Greek legend.
  • Belleville, town, Ontario, Canada.
  • Belley, town, France.
  • Bellini, family of Italian painters.
  • Bellini, Lorenzo, Italian anatomist.
  • Bellini, Vincenzo, Italian musical composer.
  • Bellinzona, town, Switzerland.
  • Bellman, Carl Mikael, Swedish poet.
  • Bellona, in Roman mythology.
  • Bellot, Joseph René, French Arctic explorer.
  • Bellows.
  • Belluno, town, Italy.
  • Belon, Pierre, French naturalist.
  • Belpasso, town, Sicily.
  • Belper, town, England.
  • Belsham, Thomas, English Unitarian writer.
  • Belsham, William, English political writer.
  • Belshazzar, of Scripture.
  • Belt, Great and Little, straits, Denmark.
  • Beltane, or Beltein, Celtic festival.
  • Beluchistan (Baluchistan, q.v.).
  • Belvedere, town, Italy.
  • Belzoni, Giovanni Battista, explorer of Egypt.
  • Bembo, Pietro, cardinal.
  • Benares, division, district, and town, India.
  • Benavente, town, Spain.
  • Benbow, John, English admiral.
  • Bench, legal term.
  • Benchers, English lawyers.
  • Bencoolen, town, Sumatra.
  • Bender, town, Russia.
  • Bender-Abbasi (Bandar Abbas), town, Persia.
  • Benedict, St, founder of order of monks.
  • Benedict, popes.
  • Benefice, Ecclesiastical.
  • Beneke, Friedrich Eduard, German philosopher.
  • Benevento, town, Italy.
  • Bengal, lieutenant-governorship, India.
  • Bengazi, town, North Africa.
  • Bengel, John Albert, German Biblical scholar.
  • Benguela, country, West Africa.
  • Benicarlo, town, Spain.
  • Benin, country, West Africa.
  • Benjamin, of Scripture.
  • Benjamin of Tudela, Jewish rabbi.
  • Bennet, Henry, earl of Arlington, English statesman.
  • Bennet, James Gordon, American journalist.
  • Bennet, Sir William Sterndale, English musical composer.
  • Benserade, Isaac de, French poet.
  • Benson, George, English divine.
  • Bentham, Jeremy, English writer on politics and jurisprudence.
  • Bentinck, Lord William George F. C., English statesman.
  • Bentivoglio, Giovanni, Bolognese statesman.
  • Bentivoglio, Guido, cardinal.
  • Benteley, Richard, English scholar.
  • Benzoic Acid, in chemistry.
  • Benzoin, gum.
  • Béranger, Pierre Jean de, French poet.
  • Berar, province, India.
  • Bérard, Frédéric, French physician.
  • Berber, town, Egypt.
  • Berbera, town, Eastern Africa.
  • Berbice, county, British Guiana (See Guiana).
  • Berchem, or Berghem, Nicolas, Dutch painter.
  • Berchtesgaden, or Berchtolsgaden, town, Bavaria.
  • Berdiansk, town, Russia.
  • Berdicheff, town, Russian Poland.
  • Berengarius, of Tours, theologian and scholastic philosopher.
  • Berenice, wife of Ptolemy Euergetes of Egypt.
  • Berenice, daughter of Agrippa I. of Judæa.
  • Berezina, river, Russia.
  • Berezoff, town, Siberia.
  • Berg, duchy, Germany.
  • Bergama (Pergamum, q.v.), town, Asia Minor.
  • Bergamo, province & town, Italy.
  • Bergamot, Oil of.
  • Bergen, town, Norway.
  • Bergen-op-Zoom, town, Holland.
  • Bergerac, town, France.
  • Bergmann, or Bergman, Torbern Olof, Swedish chemist and naturalist.
  • Berkeley, town, England.
  • Berkeley, George, bishop of Cloyne, philosopher.
  • Berkhampstead, Great, town, England.
  • Berkshire, county, England.
  • Berlin, capital of Prussia.
  • Berlioz, Hector, French musical composer.
  • Bermudas, islands, Atlantic Ocean.
  • Bern, canton and town, Switzerland.
  • Bernadotte, Jean Baptiste Jules, French general and king of Sweden.
  • Bernard, St, of Clairvaux, mediæval philosopher and theologian.
  • Bernard, James, Dutch divine.
  • Bernard, Simon, French general.
  • Bernardin, St, of Siena.
  • Bernay, town, France.
  • Bernburg, town, Germany.
  • Berne (Bern, q.v.), canton and town, Switzerland.
  • Berners, Juliana, English writer on field-sports.
  • Berni, Francesco, Italian poet.
  • Bernini, Giovanni Lorenzo, Italian architect and sculptor.
  • Bernoulli (or Bernouilli), family of mathematicians and scientists.
  • Berosus, Chaldæan historian and chronologist.
  • Berri, Duc de, son of Charles X. of France.
  • Berryer, Pierre Antoine, French advocate and orator.
  • Berthollet, Claude Louis, French chemist.
  • Berthoud, Ferdinand, Swiss chronometer-maker.
  • Bertinoro, town, Italy.
  • Berwick, Duke of, marshal of France.
  • Berwick-upon-Tweed, town, England.
  • Berwickshire, county, Scotland.
  • Beryl, mineral and precious stone.
  • Berzelius, Jöns Jakob, Swedish chemist.
  • Bes, Egyptian god.
  • Besançon, town, France.
  • Beskow, Baron von, Swedish dramatist.
  • Bessarabia, government, Russia.
  • Bessarion, Johannes, cardinal.
  • Bessèges, town, France.
  • Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm, Prussian astronomer.
  • Betel Nut.
  • Bethany, town, Palestine.
  • Bethel, town, Palestine.
  • Bethesda, pool near Jerusalem.
  • Bethlehem, town, Palestine.
  • Béthune, town, France.
  • Betlis, town, Armenia.
  • Betterton, Thomas, English actor and dramatist.
  • Bettinelli, Saverio, Italian writer.
  • Betting, law relating to.
  • Betul, district, India.
  • Betwa, river, India.
  • Beudant, François Sulpice, French minerologist.
  • Beulé, Charles Ernest, French archæologist.
  • Beuthen, town, Germany.
  • Beuthen, Nieder, town, Germany.
  • Beverley, town, England.
  • Beverley, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
  • Beverley, John of, archbishop of York.
  • Bewdley, town, England.
  • Bewick, Thomas, English wood-engraver.
  • Beyle, Marie Henri (De Stendhal), French writer.
  • Beyrout, town, Syria.
  • Beza, Theodore, French scholar.
  • Béziers, town, France.
  • Bézique, game.
  • Bhagalpur, district and town, India.
  • Bhamo, town, Burmah.
  • Bhandara, district and town, India.
  • Bhang, Indian hemp, and narcotic drug from it.
  • Bharaich, district, India.
  • Bhartpur, or Bhurtpore, native state & town, India.
  • Bhatgaon, town, Nepal, India.
  • Bhatniar (Bhattis), people, India.
  • Bhawalpur, state, India.
  • Bhil, British political agency, India.
  • Bhopal, state, India.
  • Bhutan, or Bhotan, state, India.
  • Biafra, country, West Africa.
  • Bianchini, Francis, Italian astronomer.
  • Biarritz, town, France.
  • Bias of Priene, one of the seven sages of Greece.
  • Biberach, town, Würtemberg.
  • Bibirine, vegetable alkaloid.
  • Bible, The.
    • Old Testament.
    • New Testament.
    • Transmission and Diffusion of the Bible in the Christian Church before the Invention of Printing.
    • The Printed Text.
  • Bible Societies.
  • Bibliography.
    • The Constituent Parts of Books, and Difference of Editions.
    • Early Printed Books.
    • Rare and Curious Books.
    • The Classics.
    • Anonymous and Pseudonymous Works.
    • Condemned and Prohibited Books.
    • Catalogues and Bibliographical Dictionaries.
    • On the Classification of Books.
    • Bibliography in General.
  • Bibulus, family of Roman generals and consuls.
  • Bichat, Marie François Xavier, French anatomist.
  • Bicycle.
  • Bida, town Soudan, Africa.
  • Biddle, John, English Unitarian.
  • Bideford, town, England.
  • Bidpai, Hindu fabulist.
  • Biel (Bienne), town, Switzerland.
  • Biel, Gabriel, German scholastic philosopher.
  • Bielau, village, Prussia.
  • Bielaya Tserkov, town, Russia.
  • Bielefeld, town, Westphalia.
  • Bieleff, or Byeleff, town, Russia.
  • Bielgorod, town, Russia.
  • Bielitz, town, Austria.
  • Biella, town, Italy.
  • Bielopoli, town, Russia.
  • Bielostok, town, Russia.
  • Bienhoa, town, Cochin China.
  • Biezhetz, or Byezhetsk, town, Russia.
  • Bigamy.
  • Bignon, Jerome, French lawyer.
  • Bigordi, Domenico (Ghirlandajo, q.v.), Italian painter.
  • Bijainagar, ancient town, India.
  • Bijapur, state and town, India.
  • Bijnaur, district and town, India.
  • Bikanir, state, India.
  • Bilaspur, district, India.
  • Bilbao, town, Spain.
  • Bilderdijk, Willem, Dutch poet.
  • Bile, in physiology (See Physiology).
  • Bilfinger, George Bernhard, German philosopher and administrator.
  • Bill.
  • Billeting.
  • Billiards, game.
  • Billiton, island, Indian Archipelago.
  • Bilsa, town, India.
  • Bilston, or Bilsreton, town, England.
  • Bingen, town, Germany.
  • Bingham, Joseph, English scholar.
  • Bingley, town, England.
  • Binney, Thomas, English preacher.
  • Bintang, island, Indian Archipelago.
  • Biology.
    • Morphology.
    • Distribution.
    • Physiology.
    • Ætiology.
    • Limits and Classifications of the Vegetable Kingdom.
    • Thallophyta.
    • Cormophyta.
  • Bion, Greek poet.
  • Biot, Jean Baptiste, French physicist.
  • Bir, town, Asiatic Turkey.
  • Birbhum, district and town, India.
  • Birch, tree.
  • Birch, Thomas, English writer.
  • Bird, William, English musical composer.
  • Birds.
    • Anatomy of Birds.
      • The Skull.
      • The Vertebral Column, Ribs, and Sternum.
      • The Sternum, Limb-girdles, and Limbs.
      • The Muscles.
      • The Brain.
      • Organs of Sense.
      • Alimentary Organs.
  • ...
  • Birds of Paradise.
  • Birkbeck, George, English philanthropist.
  • Birkenhead, town, England.
  • Birmingham, town, England.
  • Biron, Armand, duke of, marshal of France.
  • Biron, Charles, duke of, French admiral.
  • Birs Nimrud, part of Babylon (See Babylon).
  • Bisaccia, town, Italy.
  • Biscay, province, Spain.
  • Biscay, Bay of.
  • Bisceglia, town, Italy.
  • Bischweiler, town, Alsace, Germany.
  • Biscuits, Manufacture of (See Baking).
  • Bishop.
  • Bishop, Sir Henry Rowley, English musical composer.
  • Bishop-Auckland, town, England.
  • Bishop-Stortford, town, England.
  • Bishopwearmouth, suburb of Sunderland, England.
  • Biskara, or Biskra, town, Algeria.
  • Bismuth, chemical element.
  • Bison, ungulate mammal.
  • Bithynia, province, Asia Minor.
  • Bitonto, town, Italy.
  • Bitsch, town, Lorraine, Germany.
  • Bittern, bird.
  • Bitters, alcoholic beverage.
  • Bitumen, mineral (See Asphalt).
  • Bizerta, town, Tunis, North Africa.
  • Black, Joseph, chemist.
  • Black Forest, Germany.
  • Black Sea.
  • Blackbird, bird.
  • Blackburn, town, England.
  • Blackcock, bird.
  • Blacklock, Thomas, Scottish poet and divine.
  • Blackpool, town, England.
  • Blackstone, Sir William, English jurist.
  • Blainville, Henri Marie Ducrotay de, French naturalist.
  • Blair, Port, town, Andaman Islands.
  • Blair, Hugh, Scottish preacher and writer.
  • Blair, Egbert.
  • Blake, Robert, English admiral.
  • Blake, William, English poet and painter.
  • Blanc, Mont, Alps.
  • Blane, Sir Gilbert, British physician.
  • Blañes, town, Spain.
  • Blarney, village, Ireland.
  • Blasphemy.
  • Blasting.
  • Bleaching.
    • Bleaching of Cotton.
    • Bleaching of Thread.
    • Bleaching of Linen.
    • Bleaching of Paper-Making Materials.
    • Bleaching of Straw.
    • Whitening and Cleaning Prints, Maps, Books, and other Articles of Paper.
    • Bleaching of Wool.
    • Bleaching of Silk.
    • Bleaching of Bees'-Wax, &c.
  • Bleek, Friedrich, German Biblical scholar.
  • Bleek, Wilhelm Heinrich Immanuel, African traveller and scholar.
  • Blenheim, village, Bavaria.
  • Blenheim House, Oxford, England.
  • Blessington, Countess of, English writer.
  • Blicher, Steen Steensen, Danish writer.
  • Blidah, town, Algeria.
  • Bligh, William, English admiral and explorer.
  • Blind, The.
  • Bloch, Mark Eliezer, German naturalist.
  • Block Machinery.
  • Blockade, in war.
  • Blois, town, France.
  • Blomfield, Charles James, bishop of London.
  • Blondel, David, French Protestant clergyman.
  • Blood (See Anatomy and Physiology).
  • Blood, Thomas (Colonel), Parliamentarian officer.
  • Bloomfield, Robert, English poet.
  • Blount, Charles, English writer.
  • Blow, John, English musical composer.
  • Blowpipe.
  • Blücher, Gebhard Leberecht von, Prussian field-marshal.
  • Blumenbach, Johann Friedrich, German physiologist.
  • Boa, family of serpents.
  • Boadicea, British queen.
  • Boar, Wild, family of mammals.
  • Boatbuilding (Ship-building, q.v.).
  • Bobruisk, town, Russia.
  • Boccaccio, Giovanni, Italian writer.
  • Boccalini, Trajano, Italian satirist.
  • Bochart, Samuel, Oriental scholar.
  • Bochnia, town, Austria.
  • Bochum, town, Prussia.
  • Bode, Johann Elert, German astronomer.
  • Bodin, Jean, French economist.
  • Bodley, Sir Thomas, founder of Bodleian library.
  • Bodmin, town, England.
  • Bodoni, Giambattista, Italian painter.
  • Boece, Hector, Scottish historian.
  • Boeckh, August, German scholar.
  • Boehme, Jakob, German mystic.
  • Bœotia, country, ancient Greece.
  • Boerhaave, Hermann, Dutch physician.
  • Boetius, Anicius Manlius Severinus, Roman statesman and philosopher.
  • Boghaz-Keuy, town, Asia Minor.
  • Bogodukhoff, town, Russia.
  • Bogomili, heretical sect, Greek Church.
  • Bogota, capital of Colombia.
  • Bogra, district, India.
  • Bohaddin, or Boha-Eddyn, Arabian writer and statesman.
  • Bohemia.
  • Bohemond, Marc, crusader.
  • Boiardo, Matteo Maria, Italian poet.
  • Boieldieu, François Adrien, French musical composer.
  • Boii, ancient Celtic people.
  • Boileau-Despreaux, Nicolas, French writer.
  • Boiler, for steam-engine (See Steam Engine).
  • Bois-le-Duc, town, Holland.
  • Boissard, Jean Jacques, French scholar.
  • Boissonade, Jean François, French scholar.
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