Taurine

Taurine is an organic compound. It is up to 0.1% of total human body weight, and is a main constituent of bile. Taurine is essential for the heart, the skeletal muscles, the retina, and the nerves. The body makes it from the amino acid cysteine.

Taurine
Names
Preferred IUPAC name
2-Aminoethane-1-sulfonic acid
Other names
2-Aminoethanesulfonic acid
Tauric acid
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ChemSpider
DrugBank
ECHA InfoCard 100.003.168
IUPHAR/BPS
PubChem CID
UNII
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
SMILES
  • O=S(=O)(O)CCN
Properties
C2H7NO3S
Molar mass 125.14 g/mol
Density 1.734 g/cm3 (at −173.15 °C)
Melting point 305.11 °C (581.20 °F; 578.26 K)
Acidity (pKa) <0, 9.06
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Infobox references

Taurine comes from the Latin /taurus/ which means bull or ox. It was first extracted from ox bile in 1827.[1]

Food

Taurine is in fish and meat.[2][3][4] The daily intake is around 58 mg (range from 9 to 400 mg). It is low or negligible from a strict vegan diet. Taurine intake is generally less than 200 mg/day.[5]

Energy drinks

Synthetic taurine is used to make some "energy drinks". Many contain 1000 mg per serving,[6] and some as much as 2000 mg.[7]

References
  1. F. Tiedemann, L. Gmelin; Gmelin (1827). "Einige neue Bestandtheile der Galle des Ochsen". Annalen der Physik. 85 (2): 326–37. Bibcode:1827AnP....85..326T. doi:10.1002/andp.18270850214.
  2. Bouckenooghe T, Remacle C, Reusens B (2006). "Is taurine a functional nutrient?". Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care. 9 (6): 728–33. doi:10.1097/01.mco.0000247469.26414.55. PMID 17053427. S2CID 24064647.
  3. Brosnan J, Brosnan M (2006). "The sulfur-containing amino acids: an overview". J Nutr. 136 (6 Suppl): 1636S–40S. doi:10.1093/jn/136.6.1636S. PMID 16702333.
  4. Huxtable RJ (1992). "Physiological actions of taurine". Physiol Rev. 72 (1): 101–163. doi:10.1152/physrev.1992.72.1.101. PMID 1731369.
  5. "Opinion on Caffeine, Taurine and D-Glucurono — g -Lactone as constituents of so-called "energy" drinks". Directorate-General Health and Consumers, European Commission, European Union. 1999-01-21.
  6. rockstar69.com Original Rockstar Ingredients Archived 2007-11-03 at the Wayback Machine
  7. Chang, PL (2008-05-03). "Nos Energy Drink – Review". energyfanatics.com. Archived from the original on 2008-06-17. Retrieved 2010-05-21.

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